Are you nervous about climbing because you think it's too dangerous? Do you feel you're not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?

       Let's consider the idea that climbing is dangerous．Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe．Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous．Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity．As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality．

       You cannot expect to start climbing straight away．Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time．It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness．Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing ?go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period．

       Discover as much as you can about climbing．Visit the library and find book, especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation．Look up information on the Internet．Find out about equipment, methods and places to go．

       Next, take a course on a climbing wall．There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors．Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course of join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.

       At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.

62．The article is written by            .

       A．a doctor           B．an experienced climber

       C．a beginner        D．a fitne3ss instruetor

63．The writer thinks a new climber should           .

       A．begin by becoming fit

       B．have the courage to meet the challenges

       C．be aware of the causes of the accidents

       D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing

64．By climbing walls you can         .

       A．join a club y ou like

       B．gain contorlled experience

       C．become qualified instructors

       D．take part in group-climbing events

65．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means      .

       A．the climb  B．the training      C．the equipment  D．the achievenment

E

The “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves y

ou sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.

  　The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 percent high chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

 　 Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

  　A study of 11000 Italians proved 8 a.m. on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.

  　The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇) but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.

  　Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.

  　“When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal (内分泌) changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “ All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot (血凝块) in the arteries (动脉) which will cause a heart attack.

 　 “When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.

72．Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows, _________.

A．is not so serious as people thought

B．is harmful to working people in developed countries

C．is the first killer in Germany and Italy

D．is created by researchers in Germany and Italy

73．To protect people from heat attacking, doctors have paid much attention to __________-.

A．people’s working time      B．people’s living place

C．people’s diet and life style   D．people’s nationalities

74．It can be learned from the passage that heart attack has nothing to do with __________.

A．blood pressure     B．heart rate       C．hormonal changes     D．blood group

75．If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?

A．Stop working on Monday  　　　       B．Create a pleasant working environment

C．Get up late on Monday morning　 D．Do to work with a doctor

   We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals, but because it is inherited, there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family(immediate and extended);tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy(宗谱学)can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees。Pedigrees（家谱）based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption，illegitimacy（违法）or lack of record. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil war in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.

   The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up, it will eventually help in solving many issues，regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically, any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.

   In the meantime, as the database is being created, molecular genealogy can already

Verify（鉴定）possible or suspected relationships between individuals。“For example，if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related，but no written record proves this relationship，we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers（in these case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome（染色体），”explain Ugo A. Perego, a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.

1) The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that _____________.

  A) genetics has achieved a breakthrough

  B) genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed now

  C) each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he or related to others

  D) we can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family, a group or a population

2) If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor,__________.

  A) we can decide according to their family tree

  B) we can find the truth from their genetic markers

  C) we can compare the differences in their Y chromosome

  D) we can look for written records to prove their relationship

3) Which of the following CAN NOT be inferred from the passage?

  A) we are a walking, living, breathing record of our ancestors

  B) Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were

  C) An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identify

  D) Molecular genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individual

D

       Are you nervous about climbing because you think it's too dangerous? Do you feel you're not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?

       Let's consider the idea that climbing is dangerous．Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe．Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous．Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity．As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality．

       You cannot expect to start climbing straight away．Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time．It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness．Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing ?go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period．

       Discover as much as you can about climbing．Visit the library and find book, especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation．Look up information on the Internet．Find out about equipment, methods and places to go．

       Next, take a course on a climbing wall．There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors．Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course of join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.

       At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.

62．The article is written by            .

       A．a doctor           B．an experienced climber

       C．a beginner        D．a fitne3ss instruetor

63．The writer thinks a new climber should           .

       A．begin by becoming fit

       B．have the courage to meet the challenges

       C．be aware of the causes of the accidents

       D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing

64．By climbing walls you can         .

       A．join a club y ou like

       B．gain contorlled experience

       C．become qualified instructors

       D．take part in group-climbing events

65．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably means      .

       A．the climb  B．the training      C．the equipment  D．the achievenment

 (10·全国Ⅱ E篇)

How words came into being is unknown.All we assume is that some early men invented cortain sounds,in one way or another,to express thoughts and feelings,actions and things,so that they could talk with each other.Later they agreed upon certain signs,called letters,which could be put together to show those sounds,and which could be written down.Those sounds,whether spoken or written in letters,are called words.

The power of words,then,lies in their associations-the things they bring up to our minds.Words become filled with meaning for us by experience;and the longer we live,the more certain words bring back to us the happy and sad events of our past;and the more we read and learn,the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which have powerful effects on our minds and feelings.This clever use of words is what we call literary style.Above all,the real poet is a master of words.He can express his meaning in words which sing like music,and which by their position and association can move men to tears.We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use then correctly,or they will make our speech silly and common.

58.We learn from the text that language might have begun with(    )

A．expressions    B．actions    C．signs    D．sounds

59.What is mainly discussed in Faragraph 2?

A．The ……of new words      B．The importance of old words

C．The relation of human experience with words  

D．The gradual change and development of words

60.In the last paragraph,what does the anthor suggest that we should do?

A．Use words skilfully    B．Make musical speeches  

C．Learn poems by heart   D．Associate with listeners