Many of us feel uneasy when someone stands too close to us, talks to us too loudly or makes eye contact(接触) with us for too long. But have you ever wondered why those things make you uncomfortable?

It’s all about personal peace, which means not only an imaginary space around the body, but also the space around all the senses. People feel that their space is being violated(侵犯) when they meet with an unwelcome sound, smell or look. This is probably why a man on a crowded bus shouting into his mobile phone or a woman next to you putting on strong perfume(香水) makes you feel angry.

Whether people have had a stronger wish to protect their personal space in recent times is hard to say. Yet studies of airlines show that people have a strong desire(渴望) to have space to themselves. In a survey （调查）by TripAdvisor, a travel website, people said that if they had to pay more for some extra service, they would rather have larger seats than extra food.

Although people may need their personal space, some hardly realize it. For example, people on a bus who hold newspapers in front of their faces to read in fact keep a distance from strangers.

Go and watch a library table. You will notice that one of the corner seats will usually be taken first, because they are the farthest way. What if someone sits opposite to you? Maybe you will pile up books as if to make a wall.

Preference(偏好) for personal space are different from culture to culture. Scientists have found that Americans generally prefer more personal space than people from other cultures. In Latin(拉丁人的) cultures, however, people are more comfortable standing close to each other.

1.The writer mainly _________ in this article.

A. tells us how to achieve personal space

B. explains what personal space people need is

C. introduces some knowledge about personal space

D. argues for the importance of keeping personal space

2.Who might feel his personal space is safe according to the passage?

A. A person who has to sit next to a lady putting on strong perfume.

B. A person who has been watched by a stranger for a long time.

C. A person who hears strange noises when reading at home.

D. A Latin boy who is chatting with a friend sitting close to him.

3.What can we know from the survey by TripAdvisor?

A. People need a smaller personal space in recent times than before.

B. People have a strong desire for personal space in recent times.

C. There are not enough seats on the plane to meet people’s needs.

D. Food service is better provided than seats on the plane.

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The space around the body is more needed than that around all the senses.

B. If you hold newspapers on the bus, your personal space won’t be violated.

C. People usually choose the corner seats first in a library for personal space.

D. Different cultures share the same preferences for personal space.

When it comes to social behaviour，mammals are in a league of their own.Some birds may form pairs，or even cooperate to hunt，but the complexity (复杂性) of their relationships can hardly compare to those within a school of dolphins，a herd of elephants or a group of humans.What makes mammalian social groups different from a flock of starlings or a shoal of fish，is that in many cases the individuals could recognize each other.Although we may think that? all elephants look pretty much the same，we can easily tell individuals of our own species apart and it has become clear through studies that the same is true of other species.Dolphins have their own signature whistles that act like “names”，and elephants can recognize and greet other individuals they have known but not seen for many years.This is something that only a few species of birds appear to be able to do.

Mammals in complex social groups not only recognize each other as individuals，but also they remember a lot of information about that individual.Social groups often rely on this memory—such as knowing who is dominant to whom，who is related to whom，and who has done what to whom in the past.It’s like remembering who you have lent money to or done a favour for，and who hasn’t repaid that money or has talked about you behind your back.You have to learn who to trust，who your friends are，and who to watch out for.

All this remembering goes on in a particular part of the brain called the neocortex (大脑皮层)．If you compare the size of a mammal’s social group with the size of this part of the brain，you will find they are remarkably closely related.This area seems to take a long time to develop fully and animals in which it is very large take a very? long time to grow up to adulthood.During this time，the youngster has to learn all the rules of social behaviour in their group and to piece together all? the relationships between the group members：Knowledge that will be needed to avoid getting into trouble.

1.What is special about a mammalian social group according to the passage?

A．All the individuals cooperate to hunt.

B．The individuals can communicate with each other.

C．The individuals can recognize each other.

D．The individuals form closer relationship.

2.The passage suggests that elephants________.

A．are cleverer than dolphins

B．can recognize other species

C．may mistake a member for another

D．have good memories

3. Animals whose area of the neocortex is large________.

A．will have a long period of time before they become adults

B．will spend a shorter time learning the necessary knowledge

C．will learn the necessary knowledge much more easily

D．will have more difficulty in growing up as adults

4. If the neocortex is larger，the animals________.

A．can live a longer life

B．have a smaller social group

C．have a larger social group

D．have a greater body size

完形填空 (共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分)

Before the 29^th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States. Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.

Today the car is the most popular sort of transportation in all of the United States. It has completely    41    the horse as a means of everyday transportation. Americans use their cars for nearly 90 percent of all personal    42   .

Most Americans are able to buy cars. The average price of a    43    made car was $ 2,500 in 1950, $ 2,740 in 1960 and up to $ 4,750 in 1975. During this period American car manufacturers set about    44    their products. As a result, the yearly income of the average family increased from 1950 to 1975   45    than the price of cars. For this reason purchasing a new car takes a smaller    46    of a family’s total earnings today.

In 1951 proportionally it took 8.1 months of an average family’s    47    to buy a new car. By 1975 it only took 4.75    48    income. In addition, the 1975 cars were technically superior to models from previous years.

The    49    of the automobile extends throughout the economy as the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money    50    their cars running than on any other item.

41. A. denied         B. reproduced            C. replaced                   D. repeated

42. A. trip             B. works                   C. business                   D. travel

43. A. quickly        B. regularly                  C. rapidly                         D. recently

44. A. raising         B. making                    C. reducing                   D. improving

45. A. slower         B. equal                       C. faster                       D. less

46. A. part             B. half                         C. number                    D. side

47. A. income        B. work                        C. plan                         D. debts

48. A. months’              B. dollar’s                    C. family                   D. year

49. A. running              B. notice                   C. influence                  D. discussion

50. A. starting        B. leaving                     C. keeping                    D. repairing

Good Housekeeping has discovered that even if a child wear a helmet when she bikes, or skates, it may not protect her from a serious head injury.

Every year, 390,000 children under age 15 go to hospital emergency rooms with bike-related injuries. Of that number, about one third children suffer head injuries and an estimated 200 die. By wearing a helmet, a child can reduce her risk of injury by as much as 85 percent. But remember —— a bicycle helmet must fit properly to be safe. Here are five steps to making sure your child's helmet fits properly.

1) If you haven't bought your child's helmet already, you might want to consider one with a rear stabilizer(稳定杆). A rear stabilizer holds the back of the head gently and helps the helmet stay correctly positioned.

2) The helmet should fit closely and shouldn't slide from side to side or front to back. If your child can put two fingers on both temples inside the helmet, it's too big. Try a smaller size. But if the next size down is too small, use the fit pads(护垫). Fit pads come in different sizes and attach to the helmet with Velcro.

3) Tell your child to open her mouth widely and ask if she can feel the helmet push down onto the top of her head. If she can't, you need to readjust her helmet.

4) To prevent strap slippage, wind a rubber band around the strap where it meets the fastener.

5) Recheck the fit regularly.

You should replace the bicycle helmet:

If she has been in an accident with it.

If the buckle(金属扣) breaks or if a piece breaks off.

If it doesn't have a U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, American Society for Testing and Materials, or Snell Memorial Foundation sticker.

If it doesn't fit correctly. Even if the helmet fit perfectly two years ago, it might be too small now.

1.Who is this passage mainly written for?

A. Children.          B. Teachers.         C. Parents.        D. helmet producers.

2.What does the author mainly want to stress in the second paragraph?

A. The bike-related injury is a serious threat to the children.

B. The bicycle helmets must fit properly while the children are biking.

C. It’s necessary for the children to wear helmets while biking.

D. Many students suffer bike-related injuries every year.

3.If a girl finds a helmet a little bit big for her head, what should she do?

A. She must buy a smaller size.               

B. She can use some fit pads.

C. She can put fingers on both temples inside the helmet.

D. She must make helmet slide from side to side.

4.Phil White, a father, found the buckle of his girl’s helmet broken, he can_______

A. buy a new bicycle helmet for her

B. mend the bicycle helmet himself

C. continue to use the bicycle helmet

D. throw away the broken buckle

第二节 完型填空（共20小题，小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文所给各题的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中选能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
In 1991, 1 spent five months in Niger. There were many things I found difficult about this place—the climate and beggars were my biggest complaints. One day, a friend and I  36  for neighbouringBurkina Faso to work in a health clinic. Arriving by taxi at our  37  in Burkina, we began to  38  . I had a large backpack and a smaller daypack. With my daypack between my legs, I reached for my larger piece of  39  . Out of the darkness, a motorbike with two men  40  slowly Without warning, one of the men grabbed my daypack  41  the motorbike swept close by. Within seconds, the two were out of sight,  42  up by the night. The bag had everything  43  to me, my passport, money and an airline ticket. I was in deep trouble. All I wanted was to leave this hell.
Then, walking through Burkina's streets the following week, I was  44  rudely by an old woman who stretched her hand in my face. "Cadeau (gift)! Cadeau!" she  45  in French.
I'd had enough. I was sick and  46  of the country. I told her  47  in French, "I have no 'cadeau'. I have no money A thief stole all my money a week ago and now I can't  48  your country. I cannot give you anything."
The beggar woman listened  49   and thought about my words. "Then I will give you a cadeau," she announced and  50  into the folds of her dress. Kindly, she placed an old, dark brown coin in my  51  .  I looked at it in  52  . It was an extremely small amount of money—but for this woman, the coin  53  a meal. At that moment, I saw the beauty of the  54  of Burkina Faso, and appreciated the kindness of me  55  .
36. A. went                  B. headed                   C. served                   D. worked
37. A. destination            B. spot                         C. goal                      D. station
38. A. rest                      B. dine                         C. load                             D. unload
39. A. equipment            B. furniture                  C. luggage                 D. medicine
40. A. rode                     B. drove                       C. approached            D. left
41. A. because                B. as                            C. until                         D. after
42. A. taken                   B. brought                    C. turned                   D. swallowed
43. A. memorable           B. important                 C. beautiful                  D. wonderful
44. A. cheated                B. charged                    C. stopped                    D. questioned
45. A. cried                    B. whispered                 C. threatened                D. demanded
46. A. fond                    B. proud                       C. aware                       D. tired
47. A. pleasantly            B. firmly                     C. actively                   D. bravely
48. A. get rid of             B. take advantage of     C. get out of                D. take notice of
49. A. attentively           B. anxiously               C. curiously                       D. coldly
50. A. reached               B. pulled                     C. looked                    D. came
51. A. pocket                       B. bag                         C. dress                      D. palm
52. A. fright                 B. disappointment         C. shock                     D. satisfaction
53. A. bought                B. meant                      C. ordered                   D. prepared
54. A. country                      B. society                    C. nature                     D. people
55. A. foreign               B. poor                        C .rich                        D. Female