Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors (流星 ) but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts as our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants to make the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable（可忍受的）. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation（辐射） from the sun are screened off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, if they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.

Radiation is the greatest known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged; the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered until the birth of abnormal children or even grandchildren.

Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet how men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage done by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.

1. According to the first paragraph, the atmosphere is essential to man in that ____.

A. it protects him against the harmful rays from space

B. it provides sufficient light for plant growth

C. it supplies the heat necessary for human survival

D. it screens off the falling meteors

2. We know from the passage that ____.

A. exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is deadly

B. the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming

C. radiation is avoidable in space exploration

D. astronauts in spacesuits needn't worry about radiation damage

3. The harm radiation has done to the Apollo crew members ____

A. is significant            B. seems overestimated

C. is enormous             D. remains unknown

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

A. the Apollo mission was very successful

B. protection from space radiation is no easy job

C. astronauts will have deformed children or grandchildren

D. radiation is not a threat to well-protected space explorers

45. The best title for this passage would be ____.

A. The Atmosphere and Our Environment   B. Research on Radiation

C. Effects of Space Radiation             D. Importance of Protection Against Radiation

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填放最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ) is a medical condition caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), a virus which damages people’s natural defenses against disease. So far, no cure has been found for it.
In the early mid-1980s, while other parts of the world were beginning to deal with the serious disease, Asia remained relatively unaffected by this newly discovered health problem. By the early 1990s, however, HIV and AIDS had hit several Asian countries, and by the end of that decade, HIV was spreading rapidly in many areas of the continent. Today, HIV and AIDS are a growing problem in every region of Asia. The latest statistics produced by UNAIDS suggest that in 2008, over 5 million people were living with HIV or AIDS in Asia.
Various factors cause the spread of HIV, including poverty, inequality, unequal status of women, cultural myths about sex and high levels of migration（移民）. Although it’s useful to understand the situation of AIDS in Asia as a whole, each country in the region faces a different situation. In Cambodia and Thailand, there has been evidence of declines in HIV infection levels. In Indonesia, Pakistan and Vietnam, meanwhile, the number of people living with HIV has rapidly increased. In China, the number of people newly infected with HIV and AIDS is also rising although at a much slower pace.
Much improvement is needed to prevent HIV and AIDS around Asia. New guidelines and policy documents have been continually issued over the years. Most of the successful programs do have at least three features in common. Firstly, these programs encourage HIV and AIDS education among the general population to teach people how to avoid infection and to face discrimination. Secondly, they are every practical and they involve the infected people themselves in program design and implementation（实施）. Last but not least, strong leadership is essential for HIV prevention. If all of the leaders truly committed themselves to this cause, them a great many lives would be saved.

The West began to take more notice of the East.The fifth volume of an enormous work reassessing the Chinese contribution to science and technology is to be published next year.The first volume,which was published twenty years ago,set the tone for the whole work.In it,evidence was given to show that many inventions which,until then,western historians had claimed forEurope,were made first in China.The attempt to rewrite the intellectual history of the world was not received without protest by some reputable historians.However,the evidence that has been presented so far in the first four volumes has persuaded many historians who were skeptical at first.China’s invention of paper,printing,the magnetic compass and gunpowder has never been disputed,but this new history has added advanced bridge design,mechanical clocks,paddle boats and many other inventions to the list.

In the four volumes published so far no attempt has been made to explain why China has not kept up with the West in science and technology in modern times.It is probable that the answer is to be found in the social and economic history of China,where a static(稳定的) society under a relatively kind regime(政权) of scholar-gentry(贵族) contrasts with the potentially revolutionary and dynamic(有活力的) society of the West at the end of the Middle Ages.In recent years,the Chinese government has been making every effort to catch up with the West again,and there is little doubt that the gap is being reduced year by year.But will China avoid the West’s mistakes?

The first volume was published__________.

A.ten years ago             B.last year                    C.five years ago            D.twenty years ago

In Line 7,the word “skeptical” means _________.

A.doubtful                    B.worried                     C.sad                           D.angry

Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

A.Gunpowder.                     B.Needle.                            C.Paddle boats.             D.Bridge design.

The best title for this passage is _________.

A.China’s Inventions

B.Comparisons Between the East and the West

C.China Is Catching Up

D.Situations in China

   
B
A new computer treatment is being used to deal with obesity in children. Connected to a small dining set, consisting of (包括) scales and a plate, a mini computer teaches children how to eat and reminds them when to stop.
“In very fat people, hunger signals from the stomach to the brain stop functioning. But the new computer system teaches the children how to receive these messages again,” says Dr. Julian Hamilton-Shield, the Bristol University senior lecturer leading the treatment trials.(实验)。
The computer , called a Mandometer, records and stores the weight loss from the plate when children eat. As the food is leaving the plate , a curve( 曲线)is produced on the computer screen suggesting whether the child is eating too quickly.
“Children with weight problems often eat too quickly. We want them to eat steadily稳定地） and slowly and the system teaches them to slow down. It’s a bit like retraining, ” says Hamilton-Shield.
Obesity now represents (代表) one of the major threats to the future health of children. About one in five boys and one in four girls aged two to fifteen in England are overweight. But so far no treatments have proven effective in treating children.
The Mandometer was developed in Sweden, but at present is experiencing further development at the University of Bristol, with $ 224,400 in funds from BUPA-a global health and care organization. The system could be on the market in two years’ time. At first, it would be managed by medical clinics(诊所).
40. The text is mainly written to explain____________.
A. how a new computer treatment dealing with obesity works.
B. why child obesity becomes a topic of people
C. how to lose weight with the help of computers.
D. why a computer is effective(有效的) in dealing with child obesity.
41. The word” functioning” in paragraph 3 probably means________.
A.  eating    B. working   C.  lasting   D.  losing
42. Obesity threatens the health of children , which__________.
A. people have not cared about 
B. is nothing compared with other diseases.
C . has led to many deaths           
D. is very serious
43. What can we learn from the text?
A. The Mandometer will be put into market once it proves effective.
B. The Mandometer is cheap enough for every family to afford
C. The Mandometer is still not perfect
D. Slow eating is sure to make people lose weight.