A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them.

 A student of music needs as long and arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm----????????two entirely different movements. Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear. This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts（使面对）student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority. Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.

19. In writing this passage, the purpose of the author is ___________.

   A. to tell us we use different sense at paints and music

   B. to recommend music needs more technique

   C. to inform us that to become a musician needs long and arduous training

   D. for the students who are to go in for music

20. If you are a string performer, you have to _____________.

   A. use your left hand to draw the bow and the right to move up and down

   B. have your both hands perform the same movements.

   C. own technique, musical knowledge and understanding

   D. practice more and more without any training

21. The problem of getting clear texture is that ____________.

  A. confronts student conductors

  B. the student conductors have to know every note and how it should sound and how to control the sounds fanatically.

 C. the sounds are too easy to control

 D. the composer’s work cannot be seen on the wall.

22. According to the passage, _______________.

 A. a composer cannot perform the music at all.

 B a composer has to utterly depend on student conductors

 C. student conductors need more training and knowledge on music to be great artists.

 D. Great artists are thoroughly at home in the language of music.

Listening to a radio broadcast in a foreign language is difficult for many of us. We may have studied the language for several years, and are able to read it, perhaps even write in it. But listening and understanding the spoken language require special skills. Some people have a natural ability that helps them to learn a language quickly, while others must study for a long time. Everyone, however, can improve his or her listening skills with practice.

We are good listeners in our own language because we have had years of practice. We understand the grammar and the language. We know what to expect a person to say to us in almost any situation. We have been in similar situations many times, and we have heard it all before. We can understand it, even if we do not listen carefully.

But this is not true with a foreign language. We must listen with our full attention. And we must try not to let the cultural style of our language affect our understanding of the foreign language. Listening to a foreign language broadcast is easier if we know something about it. There are clues that can help us. One clue is the time of a day. Morning programs usually contain many short items of news, information or entertainment. The items are short because most of us are getting ready to go to work in the morning. Often we do not have time to listen to long programs. Evening programs are different. There is time for more details about the subjects discussed.

We can get a clue about the program from the music at the beginning, but we must be familiar with the music of the foreign culture. The kind of music—serious and slow, or fast and light—can tell us what kind of program to expect. The name of the program can give us good information about what it will contain.

Another good clue is the broadcaster. The more we listen to the same person, the easier it will be to understand him. His speaking style will become familiar to us. Further, the broadcaster provides clues to the organization of the broadcast at the beginning of the program. The broadcaster usually gives us the highlights of the program to prepare us for the details that will follow.

1.We are good listeners in our own language because ________.

A．we have a natural ability of learning language	B．our own language is much easier
C．we listen to our own language more carefully	D．we have practiced it for years

2. If you don’t have enough time, you can listen to ________.

A．evening programs	B．programs with soft music
C．morning programs	D．familiar programs

3.You can know the information of the program according to ________.

A．its music	B．the broadcaster
C．its name	D．the time of the program

 

阅读理解 A

As you research music, you will find music that is familiar to you. You will find music which tells of interesting places and exciting things to do. You will find music which expresses feelings that are often your own.

   Music is an expression of people. As you research, you will find music of people at work and play. You will find music expressing love of the country, love of nature, and love of home.

   Music is also an expression of the composer(作曲家). The composer expresses his own musical ideas. He studies the materials of music and discovers ways of using them. He looks for new kinds of musical expression.

   Music can suggest actions and feelings which we all share. We can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the music of the people and the composers of different times and places.

【小题１】

In the first paragraph, the author tells us to ________.

   A. be friendly to music              B. find entertainment in music

   C. express your feelings in music        D. discover the things and places in music

【小题１】

 From the second paragraph, we know that ________.

   A. if we love music, we will love the country, nature and home

 B. you may listen to music at work or at play

C. music sings of the country, nature and home

   D. music can express how people live, work and think

【小题１】

 The last paragraph shows that music makes it possible ________.

   A. that people of different time and places can get together

   B. to bring understanding between people of different times and places

   C. that people can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the

music at the same time

   D. that music can express actions and feelings at the same time

【小题１】Which of the following statements is NOT true? Music expresses             .

A. people’s musical ideas         B. people’s love of te country

C.ehe composer’s feelings        D.the feelings of our own

 

任务型阅读（共两节，满分35分）

All That noise is damaging Children’s Hearing

Michel become hooked on headphones in his early teens. He walked in the streets of Brooklyn day after day with his favorite music blasting directly into his ears. By his early 20s, Michel had lost much of his upper-range hearing.

The Children’s Hearing Institute reports that hearing loss among children and young adults is rising in the United States, and that one third of the damage is caused by noise.

Surrounded By Noise

We live in a noisy world. Young and old alike are beset by sounds over which we may have little or no control: power mowers, leaf blowers, snow blowers, cars and house alarms, sirens, motorcycles, Jet Skis, loudspeakers, even movie previews.

We attend rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events at which the music is so loud you can hardly hear the person sitting next to you. At home, televisions, stereos and computer games are often turned up so loud that listeners can not hear a doorbell or telephone. Many “modern ” restaurants have chosen noise enhancement instead of abatement(减轻). Any time you need to shout to be heard by someone near you, your hearing is most likely to be in a decibel(分贝) danger zone.

As if environmental noise were not enough, now we surround children with noisy toys and personal listening devices that can permanently damage their hearing. Toys that meet the safety standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials can produce sound up to 138 decibels, as loud as a jet plane taking off. Yet workplace rules require hearing protection for those exposed to noise above 85 decibels.

Protecting Young Ears

Before buying noisemaking toys, parents would do well to listen to how loud they are. If the toy comes with a volume control, monitor its use to make sure it is kept near the lowest level. Consider returning gifts that make loud noises, disable the noise-making function. Or limit the use of noisy toys to outside play areas.

Children who play computer games and stereo equipment should be warned to keep the volume down. Time spent in video arcades, where the noise level can be over 110 decibels, should be strictly limited. Most iPods have a control that allow parents to set a maximum volume.

Don’t take children to loud action movies. If you do go and the sound seems deafening, ask the manager to turn down the volume or insist on you money back. Children who play in bands and teenagers who use power tools, gardening equipment or guns should be made to wear hearing protection, available at sporting goods stores.

The League for the Hard of Hearing urges parents to encourage participation in quiet activities, like reading, watching family-oriented films, doing puzzles, making thins with construction toys, playing educational computer games, drawing and painting, and visiting librarians and museums.

All That noise is damaging Children’s Hearing

Introduction	A boy lost much of his hearing due to being ___71___ to headphones.
Problem	More and more children have suffered from hearing ___72___ loss.
Causes of the problems	★___73___ noise from: a) power mowers, leaf blowers, snow blowers, and etc. b) the music at rock concerts, weddings, parties and sports events which ___74___ us hearing someone nearby; c) televisions, stereos and computer games ___75___ than doorbells or telephones d) “modern ” restaurants ★Noise from: toys and listening devices which cause ___76___ damage to hearing.
___77___ to the problem	★Monitor the volume of toys ★___78___ gifts making loud noise ★Limit children's time spent in video arcades ★___79___ taking children to loud action movies ★Make children wear hearing protection when around loud noise ★Encourage children to ___80___ in quiet activities

 

As you research music, you will find music that is familiar to you. You will find music which tells of interesting places and exciting things to do. You will find music which expresses feelings that are often your own.

Music is an expression of the people. As you research, you will find music of people at work and play. You will find music expressing love of the country, love of nature, and love of home.

Music is also an expression of the composer(作曲家). The composer expresses his own musical ideas. He studies the materials of music and discovers ways of using them. He looks for new kinds of musical expression.

Music can suggest actions and feelings which we all share. We can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the music of the people and the composers of different times and places.

In the first paragraph, the author tells us to_______.

A. find entertainment(娱乐) in music   B. be friendly to music

C. express your feelings in music  D. discover the things and places in music

From the second paragraph, we know that ________.

A. if we love music, we will love the country, nature and home

B. music sings of the country, nature and home

C. you may listen to music at work or at play

D. music can express how people live, work and think

By means of music, the composer wishes that ________.

A. you would study with them

B. you would share his feelings and ideas

C. you would express your own feelings

D. you help discover ways of using music and new kinds of musical expression

The last paragraph shows that music makes it possible ________.

A. the music can express actions and feelings at the same time

B. bring understanding between people of different times and places

C. that people can enjoy playing and singing music, dancing and listening to the music at the same time

D. that people of different time and places can get together

Which of the following statements is NOT true. Music expresses ________. A. the feelings of our own      B. people’s love of the country

C. the composer’s feelings     D. people’s musical ideas