Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．
root1 /ru:t/ n [C]
1 ?PLANT? the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate
2 ?CAUSE OF A PROBLEM? the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （="be" the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （="find" out the cause of a problem） | root cause （="the" main reason for a problem）
3 ?OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION? roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．
4 ?OF AN IDEA/BELIEF? the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．
5 ?FAMILY CONNECTION? sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．
6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there
7 ?TOOTH/HAIR ETC? the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body
8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it
9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around
10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad
11 ?LANGUAGE? technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）
12 ?MATHEMATICS? technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．
—see also cube root, square root, grass roots
root2 v
1 ?SEARCH? [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food
2 ?PLANT? a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））
3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory
4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move
root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．
root sth ? out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．
root sth ? up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots
1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?
A．The underground part of a plant．    B．One’s connection with a place．
C．The origins of a custom or tradition．   D．The main cause of a problem．
2．What’s the fourth root of 81?
A．27． B．9．   C．6．   D．3．
3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”
A．root for           B．root out           C．root up            D．root through
4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?
A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．
B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．
C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．
D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．

After 17 years of marriage, my wife wanted me to take another woman out to dinner and a movie. She said, “I love you, but I know this other woman loves you and would love to spend some     36   with you.”
The other woman that my wife wanted me to visit was my MOTHER, who has been     37  for 20 years, but the demands of my work and my boys made it possible to visit her only     38   .
Then I called to visit her to go out for dinner and a movie. When I arrived at her house, I noticed that she had curled her    39  and was wearing a nice dress. My mother took my arm     40   she were the First Lady.
During the dinner, we had an agreeable    41 —nothing extraordinary but catching up on recent events of each other’s life. We talked so much that we missed the movie. At last, she said,” I’ll go out with you again, but only if you let me invite you.” I    42  .
Two days later, my mother died of a massive heart attack. It happened so suddenly that I didn’t have a    43   to do anything for her.
Later, I received a copy of a restaurant receipt from the place mother and I had dined. A(n)    44   note said, “I paid this bill in advance. I wasn’t sure that I could be there; but nevertheless, I paid for two plates—one for you and the other for your wife. You will never know what that night     45   for me. I love you, son.”
At that moment, I understood the importance of saying in time “I LOVE YOU” and giving our loved ones the time that they     46   . Nothing in life is more important than your family. Give them the time they deserve, because these things cannot be     47  till “some other time”.

完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

     阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将其涂黑。

IF and WHEN often had lunch together. Their conversation always  16  on the things they hoped to achieve and they loved to talk about them. 

This particular Saturday when they met for lunch, WHEN  17  IF wasn’t in a great mood（心情）. After they sat at the usual table  18  for them, WHEN asked IF, “You don’t seem your usual  19  self?” IF replied,“Yesterday I saw a course I wanted to take. If only I  20  the time.”

WHEN knew exactly how IF felt and said, “I too saw a   21   and I’ m going to register when I get   22   money.” WHEN then questioned IF, “What about the new job you were going to apply for?” IF answered, “I would have applied, but my  23  broke down. I couldn’t type my resume(简历).”

“Don’t worry. I’ve been thinking about looking for another job also,  24  I’ll wait and when the weather gets  25  I will look then. I hate this awful weather.”

The man sitting nearby heard them talking about when this and if that. When he couldn’t  26  it anymore, he went to them and said, “I think I know  27  you could solve your problems.”

IF smiled and thought that even if he knew the  28  they faced, there was no way he could help!   29  , IF asked the man for advice. The man said, “Your conversation reminds me of an old   30  : IF and WHEN were planted, and nothing   31   .”

IF and WHEN both looked surprised and began to feel   32   of living their life for the “ifs” and “whens”. Finally they came to a(n)   33  : next time they met, there would be no “ifs” or “whens”; they would   34   talk about what they had  35  ! 

A man and his girlfriend just got married. The husband didn’t talk much but he was a steady man. The wife was pretty and dreamy.  Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true.

     A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal, “I read in a magazine about how we can  36   our marriage. Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit   37    with the other. Then, we can place them on the table to discuss how we    38    them together and make our life even happier.”

     “Are you sure you are about to do this?” the husband sighed and    39   . So each of them went to a(n)   40    room and thought about the things that annoyed them about the other for the rest of the day.

     The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their    41    .

     “I’ll start,” offered his wife eagerly. She    42    her list. It had many items on it, enough to fill 3 pages. She read all three pages to her husband and seemed to be quite pleased with her hard “work”. After hearing that, the husband stated   43   , “I don’t have anything on my list. I think that you are perfect the   44   that you are. I don’t want you to   45   anything for me.”

     The wife, touched by his honesty and the depth of his love for and his   46   of her without any conditions, turned her head and wept. At that moment, she came to understand the saying: “Beauty lies in the lover's eyes”.

     In life, there are enough time when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don’t really have to go  47   for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise. Why waste time seeking the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us, and see the wonderful things before us? If you are accustomed to judging people, you have no time to love them.

1.A. enrich                   B. strengthen              C. lengthen                D. deepen

2.A. annoying                B. surprising                C. satisfying                 D. inspiring

3.A. fix               B. do                C. find             D. set

4.A. smiled         B. refused                C. agreed                   D. hesitated

5.A. spare          B. separate           C. empty                D. special

6.A. dishes                  B. magazines         C. lives                    D. lists

7.A. put away                B. handed in          C. took out             D. wrote down

8.A. disappointedly          B. unluckily                C. bitterly                   D. quietly

9.A. appearance            B. way               C. situation                 D. position

10.A. change               B. accept                  C. decide                  D. drop

11.A. advice                 B. warning                 C. acceptance              D. pride

12.A. leaving         B. waiting               C. asking                   D. looking