七．阅读理解 (20分)   
At first, the earth’s surface layer (层 ) was made up of huge blocks of hard, solid rocks.There slowly, the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces. Finally stones, pebble(卵石) and grains of sand were formed. Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth. Their remain mixed up with the stones, pebbles and formed soil. The outmost layer of the earth is soil.
There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones. Wind, water, heat and cold help to break up rocks. When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time, the softer layer of the rock are slowly worn away. These leave holes and crack(裂缝) in the rock, which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces.
The moving water of streams and rivers also help to break up rocks. As the water moves along, it carries with it small pieces of rock. These rub the larger ones, Thus, the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces.
The heat of the sun also help to breaking up rocks. When the sun shines, the rocks become very hot. If these rocks are suddenly cooled, they may crack. Ice also plays a part in making soil.  Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather. As this happens, it becomes bigger and cracks become wider, and finally break into smaller pieces.
1. According to the passage, soil _________ .
A. forms very slowly
B. is a mixture of stones, pebbles and sand
C. make up the layer of the earth
D. is becoming smaller and smaller
2. How many factors are mentioned in helping the forming of soil ?
A. Three         B. Four             C. Five              D.More than five
3. Which of the following speeds up the breaks of rocks most ?
A. Hot weather                          B. Cold water
C. Sharp changs in temperature             D. More dead plants in the cracks
4. Which of the following is NOT true ?
A.The remains of many plants of animals formed soil.
B. If a large rock never moves, it will never break up.
C.Even if a large rock never moves, it will break up.
D. Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks.
5. The best titl for this passage should be ________ .
A. Soil from Rocks                    B. Ways to Break Rocks
C. Soil on the Earth                    D. Soil, Outmost Layer of the Earth

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
The ultimate （最终的） goal of life is to achieve happiness, and the way to achieve happiness is to wise management. So says The Sims (模拟人生)，an American strategic life-simulation computer game that lets you create, direct, and manage the lives of SimCity’s residents.
Similar to the life of a real person, the game begins with the creation of your simulated（模拟的）people: pick a name and a gender, decide on personality/astrological sign (星座), and then choose a look from a variety of heads, bodies, and skin tones. Each little Sim person has all basic needs (Hunger, Comfort, Fun, etc.) like a human which can be satisfied by interaction with other Sims or purchased objects. Name, gender, and appearance don’t affect gameplay much, but personality determines how your Sim plays with others.
One gameplay goal is to improve your Sim and eventually help him or her achieve happiness. With proper management he or she can climb a career ladder, which nets him or her more money. This allows the purchase of higher quality stuff, which lets you improve your Sim even more. With suitable care, your Sim can have a mate, kids, and a mansion with an indoor pool. Mismanage your new, simulated family, and fights will break out, jobs will be lost, and the house will fall apart.
With The Sims, you can create whatever and whomever you desire. Triumph or tragedy? You name it. In your real life, it is the same case.
[写作内容]
1. 约30个词概括短文的要点；
2. 然后以约120个词写一篇文章，并包括以下要点：
1）模拟人生就是规划人生，说出人生规划的重要性。
2）就如何有效规划高三学习，谈谈你的具体做法。
[写作要求] 
1. 可以参照阅读材料的篇章结构组织故事，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2. 标题自定。
[评分标准] 概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

A motivational strategy that parents can employ with their kids, is to frame tasks and responsibilities in the context of what the end benefit is for them．I call this strategy WIIFM （"What's in it for me?" ）．

When a teen can combine an understanding of WIIFM with a sense of passion about achieving a goal, barriers will start to fall away．At our teen summer camps, we arrange an event near the end of the 10-day session that helps campers identify an important life goal and mentally break through their biggest barrier to achieving the goal． We pass around 12-by-12-inch pine boards．We tell campers that this activity is not about breaking a piece of wood．It's about how you can get what you want in your life．It's about breaking

barriers to grab on to your goals．

They have the power to break through any barrier．It has nothing to do with body size or physical condition．The skinniest, smallest teens will break through the board almost as easily as the big ones．

We talk to the campers about the reasons they might have had for not reaching their goals in the past．Maybe they got lazy and decided it wasn't worth the effort．Maybe they failed and let their fear of failure hold them back．But this exercise is about putting the past where it belongs．Today is about making new choices．

By this point in the program, we ask them to think of the goal they've set or themselves and write their goals on the boards．Then they write the possible obstacles which may hold them back on the opposite sides．An inch of pine now stands between them and their dreams．

The facilitators and their teammates gather around．The support is strong．One by one, they break through the barriers and grab their goals! All around us teens are laughing, crying, hugging, and holding up the broken pieces of their boards．The confidence shown on their faces is beautiful．

While arranging such an activity in one's home is almost unrealistic for parents, the value of helping a teen break through a personal hairier simply by being there as moral support can not be overestimated．More help for parents in the form of videos and articles is available at our website, in our blogs and in a monthly e-newsletter．

1.The 12-by-12-inch pine boards are used as ______．

    A．materials to test one's muscles                    B．signs of goals in one's life

    C．assessments to show one's progress                 D．symbols of barriers in one's life

2.We can learn from the passage that through the event the campers ______．

    A．become hard-working                                B．get moral support

    C．gain confidence                                    D．set right goals

3.Which is the best title for the passage?

    A．The Power of WIIFM                  B．What's in It for Me

    C．The Importance of Goals                            D．Motivational Strategies

4.The passage is intended for ______．

    A．teens        B．parents         C．campers     D．tutors

When you think about math, you probably don’t think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.

People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal(揭示) the identity of the criminal. It’s long been believed, for example, that criminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it’s easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect(嫌疑犯) who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.

But Mike O’Leary, a mathematician at Towson University in Maryland, says that this kind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal’s home base by combining these patterns with a city’s layout(布局) and historical crime records.

The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets — that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. O’Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal’s patterns change with age. It’s been shown, for example, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.

Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O’Leary’s uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.

The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O’Leary says that criminology — the study of crime and criminals — contains a lot of good math problems. “I feel like I’m in a gold mine and I’m the only one who knows what gold looks like,” he says. “It’s a lot of fun.”

1.

 To find criminals, police usually ______.

A. focus on where crimes take place      B. seek help from local people

C. depend on new mathematical tools      D. check who are on the crime scene

2.

O’Leary is writing a computer program that ______.

A. uses math to increase the speed of calculation

B. tells the identity of a criminal in a certain area

C. shows changes in criminals’ patterns

D. provides the crime records of a given city

3.

 By “I’m the only one who knows what gold looks like”, O’Leary means that he ______.

A. is better at finding gold than others

B. is the only one who uses math to make money

C. knows more criminals than other mathematicians

D. knows best how to use math to help solve crimes

4.

What is the main idea of the text?

A. Criminals live near where crimes occur.

B. Math could help police find criminals.

C. Crime records could be used to fight crime.

D. Computer software works in preventing crimes.

A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you combine the two to do something for your local environment? As early as next year it may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone you will be able to bury it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.
A biodegradable (生物可降解的) mobile phone was, this month, introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage consumers to recycle (再利用). Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other plastic, but overtime it can break down into the soil without giving out any poisonous chemicals. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this cover turns into waste, it forms nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow. “We’ve only put sunflower seeds into the cover so far. But we are working with plant experts to find out which flowers will perform best. Maybe we could put roses in next time.” said one scientist.
As phone technology is developing so quickly people are constantly throwing their mobiles away. This means producers are under pressure to find ways of recycling them. Some 650 million mobile phones have been sold this year. Most of them will be thrown away within two years, adding plastic, heavy metal and chemical waste to the environment. A biodegradable cover can offer some relief for nature, according to the scientists. “The seed is released and the flower grows in the pot so you don’t have to concern yourself with the phone when you have finished using it,” said Kerry Kirwan, the leader of the research team.
【小题1】After you have finished using the new type of mobile phone, _______.

A．the new type of mobile phones is already on the market

B．the new type of mobile phones will sell extremely well

C．the material of the new type of phones is harmful

D．other flowers may be used in the new type of mobile phones