It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can’t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.

Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that        .

        A. the time is too short for doctors     B. the patients are often too nervous

        C. the damage is extremely hard to fix       D. the blood-cooling machine might break down

The brain operation was made possible mainly by        .

A. taking the blood out of the brain          B. trying the operation on monkeys first

C. having the blood go through a machine   D. lowering the brain’s temperature

With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain        .

A. can last as long as 30 minutes       B. can keep the brain’s blood warm

C. can keep the patient’s brain healthy  D. can help monkeys do different jobs

What is the right order of the steps in the operations?

a. send the cooled back to the brain      b. stop the blood to the brain

c. have the blood cooled down      d. operate on the brain

A. a, b, c, d    B. c, a, b, d    C. c, b, d, a    D. b, c, d, a

Which of the following is not true?

A. If there isn’t enough blood, the brain can live for only three to five minutes.

B. If the brain is very cold, it can live without blood for half an hour.

C. Dr. White tried his idea for thirteen times.

D. After their operations, the monkeys were healthy and busy again.

It’s you and I who are to blame for the state of the earth. No question about it. It’s our life-style that is threatening life on Earth, so we must make the changes. The good news is that many of those changes are really quite simple, even enjoyable, but for every careful step we take as individuals , we must press government and industry to take a big step on our benefit . And we must start now. Tomorrow’s too late.

My aim this year is to persuade as many of my friends and colleagues as possible to choose the train, and leave their cars behind too. My gardens have been pesticide(杀虫剂)–free zones for years and I enjoy seeing more wildlife on my doorstep as a result; I’ve tried to reduce my contribution to water pollution too, by using environment-friendly, phosphate(磷)–free washing powder , and by no longer thinking of the toilet as a suitable waste-disposal(处理) point .

I ran after a young lady through town recently to give her back the piece of paper she had carelessly thrown away. She disappeared into a shop, and when I followed her inside and made my presentation, she was doubly embarrassed--she worked there, and the boss gave her a ticking–off too. I’ve started asking fellow drivers at gas stations why they aren’t using unleaded (无铅的) petrol . These are small things, but we have to start somewhere, and every little does help .

To help the environment, the author is trying to do everything mentioned below EXCEPT        .

       A．taking the train instead of a car    

B．throwing away the old cars

       C．avoiding the use of pesticides       

D．running after those who throw articles carelessly

The author ran after a woman through town because he wanted         .

A．to find out where she worked

B．to give her back the piece of paper she had lost

C．to tell her not to throw away pieces of paper carelessly

D．to ask her to pay him for picking up the piece of paper.

The word “ticking-off ” in the last paragraph probably means         .

A．blaming    B. a piece of paper      C．prize      D. ticket

The purpose of this passage is to         .

A. persuade his friends to take the train

B. inform us of the good news

C. make clear who is responsible for the environment

D. try to advise us all to protect our environment

It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes More often the doctors can’t fix the damage Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain

Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.

Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys’ blood back to the monkeys’ brains. When the brain’s temperature was 10℃, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

6. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that_____.

A. the time is too short for doctors     

B. the patients are often too nervous

C. the damage is extremely hard to fix

D. the blood-cooling machine might break down w*w

7. The brain operation was made possible mainly by        .

A. taking the blood out of the brain      B. trying the operation on monkeys first

C. having the blood go through a machine   D. lowering the brain’s temperature

8. With Dr. White’s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain        .

A. can last as long as 30 minutes   B. can keep the brain’s blood warm

C. can keep the patient’s brain healthy  D. can help monkeys do different jobs

9. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?

A. send the cooled back to the brain     B. stop the blood to the brain

C. have the blood cooled down     D. operate on the brain

A. a, b, c, d    B. c, a, b, d    C. c, b, d, a    D. b, c, d, a

10. Which of the following is not true?

A. If there isn’t enough blood, the brain can live for only three to five minutes.

B. If the brain is very cold, it can live without blood for half an hour.

C. Dr. White tried his idea for thirteen times.

D. After their operations, the monkeys were healthy and busy again

For hundreds of years humans have dreamt of finding life on distant planets. Now the hope of discovering real evidence of life has greatly increased

NASA’s Mars detector (探测器), Opportunity, succeeded in finding signs that water once existed on the planet. Opportunity landed on Mars in January. Scientists now believe that the planet could once have supported life.

This discovery was chosen by Science, one of the world’s leading magazines, as the most important scientific achievement of 2004 last Friday

“This little, wheeled, one-armed box went around another planet and has done something no human has ever managed,” according to Science. “It has discovered another place in the universe where life could once have existed.”

“Although we still can’t say that life could have existed in this environment, it is now certain that there was water on Mars,” said Steve Squyres, one of the scientists working on the Mars mission. The evidence comes from pictures and chemical readings taken by Opportunity. It includes marks on rocks like those caused by flowing water on Earth and salty chemicals like those found in dried-out sea-beds. Scientists said the new evidence proved beyond doubt that water has been existed on Mars. But it is still unknown whether the water on Mars was like an ocean or just ice.

While Opportunity has not found any signs of life, the presence of water means life is possible. “In everything we know about life on Earth, there is no example without liquid water,” Squyres said. “So water is important for the search for life on Mars.”

Researchers agree that a future mission (任务) should bring back physical samples (样品). But some scientists worry about the risk that this could introduce dangerous foreign creatures to Earth. “The problem here is how to get the samples back,” Squyres replied. “I think it is our responsibility to limit any risk.”

1. ________ prove that water existed on Mars.

A. The physical samples with salty chemicals            

B. The marks on rocks and salty chemicals

C. Scientific achievements of 2004                          

D. Creatures from Mars

2. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. It is now certain that there was water on Mars.             

B. The water on Mars was like an ocean.

C. Evidence of life on Mars has been found.                    

D. Search for life on Mars is a great risk to humans.

3. How did scientists draw the conclusion that there was water on Mars?

A. The world’s leading magazine has announced the fact.

B. Scientists have taken many pictures and chemical readings on the Mars.

C. Astronauts have got some rocks from Mars.

D. Scientists have made a study of the pictures and readings sent back by Mars detector.

4. It can be inferred that, if the creatures from Mars came to Earth, ________.

A. they would be kind to humans                   

B. they would be cruel to humans

C. they would be a great danger to Earth

D. it would be hard to say whether it would be a good news or bad news