Has the threat of cyber(网络)-war entered a significant new stage? Look at the reports of activity on the digital battlefield. Cyberspace, some call it the new field of war, after land, sea, air and space. The 2010 Stuxnet(蠕虫病毒) cyber-attack on Iran’s uranium enrichment plant(铀浓缩厂), suspected to have come from Israel or the US, seemed to confirm the existence of this kind of war.

       Stuxnet raised the fear of cyber-attack. The recently discovered computer virus called Duqu Trojan, which contains some Stuxnet code, is built to steal information about computers controlling industrial palnts. IT security experts suspect Duqu came from the same source as Stuxnet, and may be seeking weak points for future attack.

       Despite all this activity, the nature of cyber-threats remains unclearly described. Experts have been warning for years about dangers of being attacked in US government and private computer networks. In 2009, Obama launched a 60-day cyberspace security review to assess the threats. It concluded they were horrible, and urged the government to figh the threat under the direction of the US National Security Council, along with cooperation with other countries and private industry.

       Firewalls guarding US military(军事) information are attacked mercilessly, sometimes successfully. “Over the past decade, large quantities of data have been taken out by foreign hackers,” then US vice defense secretary William Lynn said in July. A single such attack in March saw 24,000 files stolen. Yet cyber-war goes far beyond this activity. There is industrial spying; criminal attacks, including stealing military secrets; and selling fake military parts on the internet, which can damage or destroy equipment. Opposition groups create their own threats. Thus security must go far beyond protecting government documents and facilities.

       Unavoidable offence is studied too, secretly. But governments are unwilling to attack openly. News reports in the US claimed that Barack Obama’s administration chose not to launch a cyber-attack against Libyan air defenses in March. “The US decision not to aim at Libya was largely political,” says James Lewis, a White House high official. Also, he adds, Obama did not want to be the first to openly launch a new form of war. October saw a great deal of talk about cyber-war. Also in October, the US Department of Defense announced that the country’s highest military officers were reviewing the rules of engagement for cyber-war. A few days later, another report suggested a certain country may have launched a cyber-attack against two US civilian satellites.

       Caution and a focus on defense make sense. Computer technology spreads fast. It does not pay to attack if your weapons can be turned against you. The computer virus Duqu Trojan is troublesome, but more extensive Stuxnet cyber-attack could lead to a real cyber-war.

50．The cyber-attack on Iran’s plant mentioned in paragraph one shows us         .

       A．it is wrong to invade a country                B．cyber-attack isn’t far from us

       C．a uranium enrichment plant is illegal        D．Israel or the US is dangerous

51．Cyber threats         .

       A．can hardly reach America                         B．aren’t paid much attention to

       C．raise great alarm to America                     D．are limited to stealing information

52．America didn’t launch a cyber-attack against Libya mainly for the reason of     .

       A．technology            B．economy               C．politics                  D．military

53．The passage suggests it is wise to       a cyber-war.

       A．start                      B．prevent                 C．continue               D．spread

54．The proper title for this passage is      .

       A．Cyber-War Is Worse Than Real One           B．America Will Win a Cyber-War

       C．Cyber-War Clouds Are Gathering               D．Obama Avoided the Cyber-War

Language is a way to communicate with each other. We started to learn language when we were born. However, people are used to speaking their native language, so immigrants are having many problems between the first generation and the second generation because they don’t have the same native language. Also, the second generation is losing their identity. Especially in America, there are many immigrants that came from different countries to succeed in the States.  Because they suffer in lots of areas such as getting a job and trying to speak English, they want their children to speak English, not only at school, but also at home in order to be more successful. Because of this situation, their children are losing their identity and, even more, they are ignoring their parents whose English is not very good.    

I think most immigrants are trying to preserve their native language in their new country, but this doesn’t help very much in getting a good job. My aunt taught Korean to her children not to help hem succeed in the U.S. she did so, hopefully, to help them establish a Korean identity. Though the second generation was born in the new country, they often get confused about their identity because they look different from others, and also, if they visit their parents’ country, they will probably feel different from other people there too. My cousins told me that when they visited Korea a few years ago, they felt different from other Koreans. They could even feel it just strolling around the street because they wore different clothes and walked differently.

We must realize that language is important and valuable for many reasons. Immigrants should make an effort not to be ignored by their children understand their background by teaching them the parents’ language. This is very important, not only for the harmony of the family, but also in helping the second generation establish their identity. 

According to the text, what is the problem of the first generation immigrants?

A. They have lost their identity.

B. Their children are losing their identity.

C. Their children speak different languages.

D. They cannot speak their native language.

My aunt taught her children Korean____.

A. so that they knew they were of Korean origin

B. so that they would be more successful in the U.S.

C. because she didn’t want them to speak English

D. because she wanted them to respect her

The writer’s cousins felt different in their parents’ country because they____.

A. had never been there before        B. behaved quite differently

C. couldn’t understand the language    D. had different facial appearance

According to the text, the native language is important and valuable to immigrants in that____.

A. it gives them self-confidence and better chance

B. t makes the second generation love motherland

C. it helps the second generation to understand their parents

D. it strengthens the family ties and reminds them of their identity (BCABD)

The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter(高度表) failed and she didn’t know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.

Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.

In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.

What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.

In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation (航空) and that air travel was useful.

1.Which of the following statements is NOT the difficulty which Amelia Earhart met in her flight from north America to England?

A. She lost her direction.

B. The altimeter went out of order.

C. Her engine went wrong.

D. She was caught in a storm.

2.When Amelia Earhart saw flames coming from the engine, what did she do?

A. She did nothing but pray for herself.

B. She changed her direction and landed in Ireland.

C. She continued flying.

D. She lost hope of reaching land.

3.Which of the following statements was NOT mentioned?

A. She was the first woman who succeeded in flying across the Atlantic Ocean alone.

B. She made plans to fly around the world.

C. She was warmly welcomed in England, Europe and the United States.

D. She showed great courage in overcoming the difficulties during the flight.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Amelia Earhart—First Across the Atlantic

B. Amelia Earhart—Pioneer in Women’s Aviation

C. A New Record for Flying Time

D. A Dangerous Flight from North America to England

1. In the past, some cultures used tattoos as an a_________ to costumes.

2. Learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the a_________ of a native language environment.

3. To a_________ a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.

4. Inner beauty refers to the kind of attraction found in a wide r_________ of personal qualities.

5. I didn’t have any money left, so I went to the bank to c_________ a cheque.

6. I asked my daughter to help make the decision, as I believe she is m_________ enough.

7. In a foreign country, you can n_________ the price by using your fingers.

8. There is no c_________ view on beauty.

9. Eye r_________, I see the moon so bright.

10. Rowan had some speaking problems in his childhood, so he c_________ for this by talking very deliberately.

11. “Beauty and Beast” c_________ a message that should be evident to all of us—you shouldn’t judge a book by its cover.

12. Mr. Bean creates humour through a s_________ of simple and funny acts.

13. Body language can therefore make people’s feelings more t_________ as it is not easy to lie with our bodies.

14. He finds the taste of the raw hamburger truly d_________.

15. Black humour finds the funny side of sad or d_________ events.

16. The “OK” gesture in America can c_________ offence in Germany.

17. A person who is feeling uncomfortable will often hold their body in a very r_________ manner, and have a t_________ look about their mouths.

18. Romanticism was a literary and a_________ movement.

19. Smile is one form of body language that receives u_________ approval.