Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．
root1 /ru:t/ n [C]
1 ?PLANT? the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate
2 ?CAUSE OF A PROBLEM? the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （="be" the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （="find" out the cause of a problem） | root cause （="the" main reason for a problem）
3 ?OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION? roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．
4 ?OF AN IDEA/BELIEF? the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．
5 ?FAMILY CONNECTION? sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．
6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there
7 ?TOOTH/HAIR ETC? the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body
8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it
9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around
10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad
11 ?LANGUAGE? technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）
12 ?MATHEMATICS? technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．
—see also cube root, square root, grass roots
root2 v
1 ?SEARCH? [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food
2 ?PLANT? a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））
3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory
4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move
root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．
root sth ? out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．
root sth ? up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots
1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?
A．The underground part of a plant．    B．One’s connection with a place．
C．The origins of a custom or tradition．   D．The main cause of a problem．
2．What’s the fourth root of 81?
A．27． B．9．   C．6．   D．3．
3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”
A．root for           B．root out           C．root up            D．root through
4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?
A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．
B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．
C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．
D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．

Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．

root1 /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （=be the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （=find out the cause of a problem） | root cause （=the main reason for a problem）

3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．

4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．

5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）

12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．

         —see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root2 v

1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ►PLANT◄ a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

         root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．

         root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．

         root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?

         A．The underground part of a plant．       B．One’s connection with a place．

         C．The origins of a custom or tradition．      D．The main cause of a problem．

2．What’s the fourth root of 81?

         A．27．  B．9．    C．6．    D．3．

3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

         A．root for                B．root out               C．root up                D．root through

4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

         A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．

         B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．

         C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．

         D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．

Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．

root1 /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ??PLANT?? the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ??CAUSE OF A PROBLEM?? the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （=be the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （=find out the cause of a problem） | root cause （=the main reason for a problem）

3 ??OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION?? roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．

4 ??OF AN IDEA/BELIEF?? the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．

5 ??FAMILY CONNECTION?? sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ??TOOTH/HAIR ETC?? the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ??LANGUAGE?? technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）

12 ??MATHEMATICS?? technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．

       —see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root2 v

1 ??SEARCH?? [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ??PLANT?? a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

       root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．

       root sth ?? out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．

       root sth ?? up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?

       A．The underground part of a plant．     B．One’s connection with a place．

       C．The origins of a custom or tradition．   D．The main cause of a problem．

2．What’s the fourth root of 81?

       A．27． B．9．   C．6．   D．3．

3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

       A．root for           B．root out           C．root up            D．root through

4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

       A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．

       B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．

       C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．

       D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．

Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

root¹ /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting. | tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil. | be/lie at the root of (=be the cause of a problem) Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems. | get to the root of (=find out the cause of a problem) | root cause (=the main reason for a problem)

3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.

4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism.

5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots.

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a) if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root. b) if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a (good) root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’. —compare stem¹ (4)

12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16.

—see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root² v

1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen. | [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ►PLANT◄ a) [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer. b) [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily. | root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks. —see also deeply rooted (deeply (5))

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl.

root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action. 2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear.

root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1.What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe.”?

A. The underground part of a plant.         B. One’s connection with a place.

C. The origins of a custom or tradition.            D. The main cause of a problem.

2.What’s the fourth root of 81?

A. 27.              B. 9.                   C. 6.                   D. 3.

3.Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

A. root for         B. root out         C. root up          D. root through

4.In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

A. A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up.

B. A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal.

C. A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake.

D. A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago.

My students often tell me that they do not have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork.

My reply is often a brief “You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about there being twenty-four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time ”is not an acceptable explanation of not getting sth done.

Once in graduate school, I tried to justify（证明）myself to one of my professors by saying that I was working hard. His answer to me was, “That’s irrelevant（无关紧要的）.What’s important is the quality of your work..” Since then I have had time to reflect on the “hard worker” dodge（诀窍）,and I have come to some conclusions-----all relevant to the issue of how much time we have.

If you look at the matter analytically, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is, of course, the matter of “time”, which we can think of as fixed. Then there is the issue of “work” during that time, which can vary in intensity（强度）.But, as my professor suggested, it’s not the diligence of the work but the quality of the product that’s important.

That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. That concept is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someone’s office: “Don’t work harder, Work smarter.” There’s a lot of sense in that idea.

If you can’t get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. That means devising（想出）ways of getting more out of the same time than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. Since “work” for students usually means “homework”, the expression “work habits” should be read as “study habits”.

Then, as a smart student, you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading an writing .If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that pay off across the board in all your studies.

72．From the passage, we know that the author is probably　　　　　　　 .

73．We can infer from the second paragraph that the students still　　　　　　　 .

74．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．The author’s students often make full use of their time to do all their homework

B．The author once tried to tell his or her professor by saying that he or she was wrong

C．Most of people can improve the quality of the work if they can’t get more time

D．You will intend to improve your skills in reading and writing if you are a top student

75．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?