阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Art is considered by many people to be little more than an ordinary means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case; however at times, art may be seen to have a medical side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; they have a medical as well as an artistic purpose.

　　According to the Navaho traditions(传统), one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed (干扰) or something to do with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal, a ghost (幽灵), or the dead. To get rid of this bad connection, the sick person or one of his relatives will ask a medicine man called a “singer ” to perform a treating ceremony(仪式) which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sandpainting on the floor of the Navaho house. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer” will rub (揉擦) the sick parts of the patient's body with sand from a certain figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs (吸收) the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is then destroyed so its power will not harm anyone.

　　The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singers” to their students. The materials used are easily found in the areas of the Navaho area; brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is made by being crushed (压碎) between two stones much as corn is ground (磨碎) into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and forefinger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create (创造) designs of some people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho allow reproduction of sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the art have forbidden this ; however, such reproductions can in fact be bought today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either the Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to keep this art.

1．The purpose of a treating ceremony is to ________ .

[　　]

2．The “singer” rubs sand on the patient because ________ .

[　　]

A．the patient receives strength from sand

B．it has medical value

C．it comforts the patient

D．none of the above

3．What is used to produce a sandpainting?

[　　]

4．The underlined word “This” in the second line of the passage refers to ________ .

[　　]

A．the use of art

B．giving pleasure

C．the feeling that art is more than an ordinary means of giving pleasure

D．the feeling that art is only an ordinary means of giving pleasure

Art is considered by many people to be no more than a decorative（装饰）means of giving

pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sandpaintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.

According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or get in touch with the supernatural-perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To break away from this, the sick person or one of his relatives will employ a medical man called a “singer” to perform a curing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being. During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sandpainting on the floor. On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sandpainting and the “singer” will rub（按摩）the. sick or injured parts of the patient’s body with sand from a specific figure in the sandpainting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong. After the ceremony, the sandpainting is destroyed so its power won’t harm anyone.

The art of sandpainting is handed down from old “singers”. The materials used are easily found where the Navaho settle: brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is ground（研磨）much as corn is made into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his fingers onto a clean, flat surface on the floor, with a steady hand and great patience. He is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho doesn’t allow copying sandpaintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft（技艺）have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.

1．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

       A．The Navaho Indians                             B．The Ancient “Singer”

       C．Functions of Art                                  D．The Navaho Sandpaintings 

2．How did the “singer” treat the patient according to the passage?

       A．By passing his supernatural power on to the patient.

       B．By applying a magic substance to the patient’s body.

       C．By rubbing the patient’s sick parts with sand from a sandpainting figure.

       D．By destroying the sandpainting figure.

3．The traditional Navaho does not allow copying of sandpaintings because      .

       A．anything copied has no effect                B．the craft only belongs to the supernatural

       C．it’s against Navaho belief system           D．the copying may do harm to other Navahos

4．That the reproductions of sandpaintings are now commercially available shows      .

       A．people have realized the artistic value of sandpaintings

       B．patients have benefited from the powerful effect of sandpaintings

       C．more people have come to believe in supernatural power

       D．modern technology has helped the production of sandpaintings

       Some of the bridges, like the George Washington Bridge, and some of the tunnels, such as the Lincoln and Holland Tunnels, are famous．But the most famous of all is the Brooklyn Bridge, which was built over 100 years ago．

       Today, engineers have the experience and the special machines to do such things, but at that time, no one knew how to do them．The Brooklyn Bridge was the first bridge of its kind in the world．The box which Washington had studied in Europe was used．It was the size of a house and it was made of wood．It had three sides and a top, but no bottom．Air was forced into the box and water was forced out so the workers could work underwater．No one understood the problems of this kind of work．It was very dangerous and many men were sick．Needless to say （不用说）, they were also frightened．Accidents were frequent．Roebling spent a great deal of time with the workers in the box to encourage them．

       The box began to affect the men．Some of them felt strange pains in different parts of their bodies．One day, a worker began to have strong pains in his stomach．He had been well and had begun work only half an hour before, but within minutes he was dead．This sudden incident was repeated several more times with other men．Roebling himself had a similar attack．He couldn’t talk or hear．Within days he became paralyzed（瘫痪的） and people feared that he, too, might die．But he recovered after a week or two and went back to work．A little while later, Roebling had a second attack, more serious than the first．This time he was crippled．He was unable to work again for the rest of his life．

       The bridge was a great success．People came from everywhere to see this strong and beautiful structure．It was one of the wonders of the nineteenth century, and it is still a wonder today．There is more traffic on it than ever before, yet the bridge remains sturdy．

1．Choose the one which is true．

       A．Roebling was put in charge of the building．

       B．His son returned from Europe with the idea of working in a large box underwater．

       C．Roebling was badly injured．

       D．Before dying, he asked his son to continue his work．

2．The box was used so that __________．

       A．workers working underwater could breathe and move about as if they were on the ground．

       B．workers could stand on it．

       C．more air could come to it．

       D．more water would come into it．

3．The Brooklyn Bridge is a monument to Roebling’s _________．

       A．devotion and contribution               B．interest

       C．life                              D．all of the above

4．Why was the building of Brooklyn Bridge very dangerous?

       A．Because all the workers were frightened．

       B．Because there is a rushing torrent（急流）．

       C．Because all the workers had to work underwater．

       D．Because no one was able to foretell the problems of this kind of work．

完形填空

　　Mr. Jackson was quite good at shooting with a gun, and he had taken part in many matches in his small town. But he had  1 actually won a prize.

　　Then he had to go  2 on business for a month, and as he had  3 to do in the evening there, he joined the local gun club ( [kl)b] ,俱乐部) and spent several pleasant  4   5 there.

　　The 6 had a very good first team, which  7 a lot of important shooting matches.  8 of these  9 while Mr. Jackson was with them. Of course he went to  10 it. But one of the members of the club's team suddenly  11 just before the match, and the captain had to choose  12 to take his place  13 . He had heard that Mr. Jackson had joined in several matches before.  14 he knew, he was not really up to the standard( ['st$nd+d ] , 水准) of the club's first team. he was  15 good shot. He therefore invited him to shoot  16 the sick man .

　　Mr. Jackson felt greatly honoured( ['&n+d] ,荣幸)  17 to shoot for  18 team, but he also felt very  19 because he was afraid  20 a fool of himself and letting down his team. In fact, he was so nervous that he could not keep his  21 from trembling ( ['trembliR] , 颤抖) while he was  22 , with the result he did  23 .  24 he went to the captain and said, “After  25 my score(分数) , I feel like going outside and shooting myself. ”

1．

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2．

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3．

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4．

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5．

[　　]

6．

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7．

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A．was used to take

B．used to taking

C．used to take

D．was used in taking

8．

[　　]

9．

[　　]

10．

[　　]

11．

[　　]

12．

[　　]

13．

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14．

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15．

[　　]

16．

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A．in the name of

B．on account of

C．in spite of

D．instead of

17．

[　　]

A．to ask

B．to be asked

C．to have invited

D．being invited

18．

[　　]

A．such good

B．such a good

C．so bad a

D．a so strong

19．

[　　]

20．

[　　]

21．

[　　]

22．

[　　]

23．

[　　]

24．

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25．

[　　]

完形填空

　　Mr. Jackson was quite good at shooting with a gun, and he had taken part in many matches in his small town. But he had  1 actually won a prize.

　　Then he had to go  2 on business for a month, and as he had  3 to do in the evening there, he joined the local gun club ( [kl)b] ,俱乐部) and spent several pleasant  4   5 there.

　　The 6 had a very good first team, which  7 a lot of important shooting matches.  8 of these  9 while Mr. Jackson was with them. Of course he went to  10 it. But one of the members of the club's team suddenly  11 just before the match, and the captain had to choose  12 to take his place  13 . He had heard that Mr. Jackson had joined in several matches before.  14 he knew, he was not really up to the standard( ['st$nd+d ] , 水准) of the club's first team. he was  15 good shot. He therefore invited him to shoot  16 the sick man .

　　Mr. Jackson felt greatly honoured( ['&n+d] ,荣幸)  17 to shoot for  18 team, but he also felt very  19 because he was afraid  20 a fool of himself and letting down his team. In fact, he was so nervous that he could not keep his  21 from trembling ( ['trembliR] , 颤抖) while he was  22 , with the result he did  23 .  24 he went to the captain and said, “After  25 my score(分数) , I feel like going outside and shooting myself. ”

1．

[　　]

2．

[　　]

3．

[　　]

4．

[　　]

5．

[　　]

6．

[　　]

7．

[　　]

A．was used to take

B．used to taking

C．used to take

D．was used in taking

8．

[　　]

9．

[　　]

10．

[　　]

11．

[　　]

12．

[　　]

13．

[　　]

14．

[　　]

15．

[　　]

16．

[　　]

A．in the name of

B．on account of

C．in spite of

D．instead of

17．

[　　]

A．to ask

B．to be asked

C．to have invited

D．being invited

18．

[　　]

A．such good

B．such a good

C．so bad a

D．a so strong

19．

[　　]

20．

[　　]

21．

[　　]

22．

[　　]

23．

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24．

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25．

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