Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to bring about a rapid sale of goods at reasonable prices, so setting up a firm home market and making it possible to provide for export (出口) at good prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps greatly to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it causes an increased need for labour, and is therefore a nice way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television program would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or subway would cost more.

　　And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a promise of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Besides the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament(国会)govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for the public has the good sense not to buy the poor goods more than once. If you see product frequently advertised, it is the proof I know that the product does what is promised for it, and that it has good value.

　　Advertising does more for the good of the public than any other force I can think of.

　　There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television person declared that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was telling us the real difference. Of course advertising tries to persuade.

　　If its message were nothing but information, that would be difficult to get more people to buy, for even the choice of the colour of a shirt is a bit persuasive (有说服力的)--advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television person wants.

By the first sentence of the passage the writer means that ___.

　 A. he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

　 B. everybody knows well that advertising is a waste of money

　 C. advertising costs more money than everything else

　 D. money on advertising is worth spending

In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

　 A. Getting greater fame.              B. Providing more jobs.

　 C. Raising living standards.           D. Reducing newspaper cost.

The writer thinks that the well-known TV person is _____.

　 A. quite right in passing his judgment on advertising

　 B. interested in nothing but the buyers' attention

　 C. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information

　 D. obviously unfair in his views on advertising

In the writer's opinion, ________.

　 A. advertising can seldom bring material interest to man by providing information

　 B. advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over

　 C. there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

　 D. the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

There was a very special teacher who made a far-reaching difference in my life.

Fall, 1959, the first day of class at Bethesda Chevy Chase High School was about to begin. “Who”, I asked a senior, “is Mrs. McNamara, my 10th grade English teacher?” He just 1 and said something about my being in 2 . Soon, I understood what he meant. Mrs. McNamara had a pattern of 3 that she repeated again and again. We would have a literature reading task for 4 . The next day, when we came to class, there would be two or three topics on the blackboard 5 to the homework reading. We were 6 to write an in-class essay about one of the topics. The following day, she would 7 the corrected and graded essays and each person would be called 8 to stand in front of the class and to 9 his/her essay. The class were required to criticize （评论） that essay, 10 the grade of everyone in class would be reduced.

The first time that I 11 her read-write-criticize method, I had not 12 to do the homework and had written something without knowing what it meant. 13 the extreme embarrassment I suffered, standing before my classmates, 14 myself. No one laughed at me; no one would be 15 enough, or foolish enough, to do that in Mrs. McNamara’s class. The embarrassment came from 16 and along with it came a strong 17 not to let it happen again.

Mrs. McNamara kept all of our written work in files; it was easy to see the 18 in writing that had occurred. What was not so easy to see was the inner transformation that had taken place, at least for me. What Mrs. McNamara 19 me to do was to see myself as others see me and, having done that, I could improve myself. And I 20 . Thank you, Mrs. McNamara.

难易度：难

1..A.nodded　　　　 B. laughed　　　　 　 C. apologized　　 　 D. shouted

2. A. trouble　　　　 　 B. sorrow　　　　 　 C. danger　　　　 　 D. anger

3. A. behaviour　　　 　 B. evaluation　　　 C. activity　　　　 D. thought

4. A. review　　　　 B. performance　　 　 C. practice　　　　 D. homework

5. A. added　　　　 B. related　　　　 C. contributed　　 D. compared

6. A. expected　　　　 B. persuaded　　　 C. allowed　　　　 　 D. advised

7. A. collect　　　　 　 B. return　　　　　 C. send　　　　　 　 D. receive

8. A. on purpose　　　 B. at first　　　　 　 C. by chance　　　 　 D. in turn

9. A. talk through　　 B. hand over　　　 C. read out　　　　 D. show off

10. A. so　　　　　　 B. and　　　　　 C. but　　　　　 D. or

11. A. tried　　　　　 B. adopted　　　　 C. examined　　　 D. experienced

12. A. undertaken　　　 B. attempted　　　 　 C. bothered　　　 　 D. hesitated

13. A. Remember　　 B. Predict　　　　 　 C. Bear　　　　 D. Imagine

14. A. playing jokes on B. making a fool of C. setting a trap for 　 D.taking advantage of

15. A. brave　　　　　 B. careless　　　　 C. proud　　　　　 　 D. selfish

16. A. above　　　　　 B. within　　　　 　 C. behind　　　　 　 D. below

17. A. tendency　　　 　 B. preference　　 　 C. determination　 D. sense

18. A. improvements　 B. pains 　　　　　 C. difficulties　　　 　 D. advantages

19. A. trusted　　　　 B. invited　　　　 C. forced　　　　　 D. permitted

20. A. did　　　　　　 B. could　　　　　 　 C. had　　　　　 D. would

短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
　
Dear Ralph,
I'm a newcomer here of a small town. I would               1. _____
describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates,     2. _____
it always seems difficult for me to do things well as        3. _____  
them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as           4. _____
a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.                      5. _____ 
Besides, I have few friends. I don't know that they           6. _____
don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other  7. _____ 
very well in class, but after class we become stranger at      8. _____
once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn't     9. _____
seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do?       10. _____
Yours,                        
Xiao Wei

　A few days ago I asked my sons’ governess（女家庭教师）Julia to come into my study. “Be seated, Julia, ”I said, “Let’s settle our accounts. I guess you most likely need some money, but maybe you’re too polite to mention it. Now then, we agreed on thirty dollars a month...”

　　“Forty.”

　　“No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay our governess thirty. Well, um, you’ve been here two months, so...”

　　“Two months and five days.”

　　“Exactly two months. I made a special note of it. That means you have sixty dollars coming to you. Take off nine Sundays... you know you didn’t work with Tom on Sundays, you only took walks. And three holidays... ”Julia was biting her finger nail nervously, her face red, but - not a word.

　　“Three holidays, therefore take off twelve dollars. Four days Tom was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Dick. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven - nineteen. Take nineteen off ... that leaves. hmm.... forty one dollars. Correct？”

　　Julia’s left eye reddened with tears welling up. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but - still not a word.

　　“Around New Year’s Day you broke a teacup and a saucer; take off two dollars. The cup cost more, it was a treasure of the family, but- forget it. When didn’t I take a loss! Then, due to your neglect （疏忽）, Tom climbed a tree and tore his jacket; take away ten. Also due to your carelessness the maid stole Dick’s shoes. You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more dollars off. The tenth of January I gave ten dollars.”

　　“You didn’t. ”sobbed Julia.

　　“But I made a note of it.”

　　“Well... if you say so.”

　　“Take twenty seven from forty one -that leaves fourteen.”

　　Both her eyes were filled with tears. Beads of sweat stood on the thin pretty little nose. Poor girl!

　　“Only once was I given any money,” she whispered, her voice trembling, “and that was by your wife. Three dollars, nothing more.”

　　“Really? You see now, and I didn’t know that! Take three from fourteen.. leaves eleven. Here’s your money, my dear. Three, three, three, one and one. Here it is !”

　　I handed her eleven dollars. She took them and pocketed them.

　　“Merci （法语: 谢谢）,”she whispered.

　　I jumped to my feet and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger. “For what, this - ‘merci’?” I asked.

　　“For the money. ”

　　“But you know I’ve cheated you - robbed you ! I have actually stolen from you ! Why this‘merci’？”

　　“In my other places they didn’t give me anything at all.”

　　“They didn’t give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you... I m going to give you all the eighty dollars! Here they are in the envelope all ready for you... Is it really possible to be so spineless （懦弱）?Why didn’t you protest? Why were you silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws（爪）—to be such a fool?”

　　Embarrassed, she smiled. And I could read her expression,“It is possible.”

　　I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and, to her great surprise, gave her the eighty dollars. She murmured her little“merci”several times and went out. I looked after her and thought,“How easy it is to crush the weak in this world !”

While talking to Julia, the wrier expected from her ________.

　　A. a protest　　　　　　　　　　　B. gratitude

　　C. obedience　　　　　　　　　　 D. an explanation

What shocked the writer was Julia’s ________.

　　A. nervousness in front of her boss

　　B. acceptance of injustice

　　C. shyness when talking about money

　　D. reluctance to express herself

The writer said, “Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws?” He was actually telling the governess ________.

　　A. to be more aggressive

　　B. to be more careful in her work

　　C. to protect her right

　　D. to live independently

At the end of the story, the writer said,“ How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!”to show ________.

　　A. his understanding of Julia’s anxiety

　　B. his worry about Julia’s future

　　C. his concern on the living condition of working - class people

　　D. his sympathy for the mental state of those exploited