From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision—a matter of life or death .

      Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic (遗传性的)learning” , which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a

species —animals of the same kind—as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.

      In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive.

72．The animal’s life will come to an end         .

       A．if the animal makes a wrong decision         B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

       C．when the animal attacks its enemy              D．when the animal runs too slowly

73．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because         .

       A．each generation has its own way of learning

       B．their environments change all the time

       C．they can act reasonably on their own   

    D．it takes their whole life to learn

74．When the environment doesn’t change much,         .

       A．animals cannot act in a right way       

    B．genetic learning is less important for animals

       C．individual learning plays a less important role

       D．animals cannot get over problems on their on their own

75．Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on         .

       A．their natural action pattern with their own experience

       B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

       C．their experience in particular environments

       D．the knowledge passed on by their parents

From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions . It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating , and which are to be avoided ; when to attack and when to run away . The animal is , in fact , playing a very dangerous game with its environment , a game in which it must make decision―a matter of life or death .

Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic (遗传性的)learning” , which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime . Genetic learning is learning by a species ―animals of the same kind―as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way . However , the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past . The more important individual experience is likely to be , the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game . Because most animals live in ever changing evironments from one generation to the next , it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning .

In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive .

72．The animal’s life will come to an end          .

       A．if the animal makes a wrong decision    B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

       C．when the animal attacks its enemy        D．when the animal runs too slowly

73．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because          .

       A．each generation has its own way of learning

       B．their environments change all the time

       C．they can act reasonably on their own

       D．it takes their whole life to learn

74．When the environment doesn’t change much ,         .

       A．animals cannot act in a right way

       B．genetic learning is less important for animals

       C．individual learning plays a less important role

       D．animals cannot get over problems on their on their own

75．Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on          .

       A．their natural action pattern with their own experience

       B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

       C．their experience in particular environments

       D．the knowledge passed on by their parents

“Get yourself up and make something of yourself，buddy！”Though my mother has passed away，her words are as clear in my head today as when I was a boy．

??? “Christ！”I said，“I have made something of myself. I want to sleep late as I like．”

??? “If there’s one thing I can’t stand，it’s a quitter．”Her voice in my head is more powerful than my will to refuse，so I pull myself from bed．

????? Before I was out of primary school，mother could see I lacked the gifts for either making millions or winning the love of crowds．So she began pushing me toward working with words．Words ran in her family．There seemed to be a word gene that passed down from her mother’s grandfather·

The greatest proof was my mother’s first cousin Edwin．He was the managing editor of the New York Times and had gained a name in his career．

??? In 1947 1 graduated from Johns Hopkins and applied for a job with the Baltimore Sun as a police reporter．It paid＄30 a week ．When I complained the wage was shameful for a learned man，mother refused to sympathize．“If you work hard at this job，”she said，“maybe you can make something of it．”

??? After a while，I was asked to cover diplomats（外交官）at various African embassies. Then，

seven years later I was arranged by the Sun to cover the White House，a task that was as close to heaven as a journalist could get．However，whatever achievement of mine only seemed insignificant in her eyes．Uncle Edwin’s success was really annoying during my early years as a reporter．What a thrill，I thought．

??? Then，out of my wildest childhood fantasy，the Times came knocking．It was sad that Uncle Edwin had passed away by this time．In 1979 I won the Pulitzer Prize．Unfortunately，my mother’s brain and health broke down the year before，leaving her in a nursing home，out of touch with life forevermore ．She never knew of my Pulitzer．

????? I can probably guess how she’d have responded．“ That’s nice，buddy．It shows if you work hand，you’11 be able to make something of yourself one day，”

1.The first three paragraphs are intended to＿＿＿＿＿＿

A．draw readers’attention to the author’s success

B．remind readers that the road to success is rough

C．serve as an introduction to the author’s mother

D．explain why the author’s mother kept blaming him

2.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably means that tier families＿＿＿＿

A. were gifted at language? B．never broke their promise

C. were fond of reading ? D. stuck to their family belief

3.What can we learn about the author

A．He got a good salary working as a police reporter．

B．He lived a rich life with his mother in his childhood．

C．It was proud of her mother to see his winning the Pulitzer Prize．

D．It was beyond his wildest dream that he could work for the Times．

4.The author regards Uncle Edwin’s success as a thrill because＿＿＿＿＿＿．

A．he himself was less smart than Uncle Edwin

B．his mother’s family thought Uncle Edwin to be a good reporter

C．few reporters can become the managing editor of the New York Times

D．Uncle Edwin spared no effort to get the Pulitzer Prize at the cost of his life

    From the moment that an animal is has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decisions — a matter of life or death.

    Animals ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly form what we may call “genetic (遗传性的) learning”, which is different from the individual (个体的) learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime. Genetic Learning is learning by a species ---- animals of the same kind ---- as a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be, the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game. Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.

    In the great majority of animals, their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound (复合体) of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with. That is why animals can survive.

1.The animal’s life will come to an end _______.

  A. if the animal makes a wrong decision

  B. if the animal plays a dangerous game

  C. when the animal attacks its enemy

  D. when the animal runs too slowly

2.Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because ________.

  A. each generation has its own way of learning

  B. their environments change all the time

  C. they can act reasonably on their own

  D. it takes their whole life to learn

3.When the environment doesn’t change much, ______.

  A. animals cannot act in a right way

  B. genetic learning is less important for animals

  C. individual learning plays a less important role

  D. animals cannot get over problems on their own

4.Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on _______.

  A. their natural action pattern with their own experience

  B. the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

  C. their experience in particular environments

  D. the knowledge passed on by their parents

From the moment that an animal is born it has to make decisions. It has to decide which of the things around it are for eating, and which are to be avoided; when to attack and when to run away. The animal is, in fact, playing a very dangerous game with its environment, a game in which it must make decision—a matter of life or death.

Animals’ ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic learning”, which is different from the individual learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime. Genetic learning is learning by a species —animals of the same kind—as a whole , and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the right way. However, the role of genetic learning depends upon how similar the future environment is to the past. The more important individual experience is likely to be , the less important is genetic learning as a means of getting over the problems of the survival game ．Because most animals live in ever changing environments from one generation to the next, it is not surprising to find that very few species indeed depend wholly upon genetic learning.

In the great majority of animals , their particular ways of acting in a new environment are a compound （复合体） of individual experience added to the action patterns animals are born with .That is why animals can survive.

1．The animal’s life will come to an end_____.

       A．if the animal makes a wrong decision    B．if the animal plays a dangerous game

       C．when the animal attacks its enemy      D．when the animal runs too slowly

2．Very few species depend entirely on genetic learning because_____.

       A．each generation has its own way of learning

       B．their environments change all the time

       C．they can act reasonably on their own

       D．it takes their whole life to learn

3．When the environment doesn’t change much,_____.

       A．animals cannot act in a right way

       B．genetic learning is less important for animals

       C．individual learning plays a less important role

       D．animals cannot get over problems on their own

4．Animals’ living on generation after generation depends on_____.

       A．their natural action pattern with their own experience

       B．the lessons they have learnt during their lifetime

       C．their experience in particular environments

       D．the knowledge passed on by their parents