The tower of Big Ben, London’s most famous building, has always leaned (倾斜)slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑)its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.

To control the tower’s movement, engineers pumped grout(水泥浆)into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimeters, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer.

Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground )tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27. 5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.

To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The tower’s additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27. 5 millimetres.

After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of mouvements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken.

Since 1997, the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction. The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower’s lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilized (稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says: “We understand the tower has stabilized and returned to its normal movement cycle.”

From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000

    Which of the following drawings correctly shows how the propping up construction was carried

out?

1. What does the world “review” (in Paragraph 5) mean?

A. Observation.

B. Description.

C. Discussion.

D.Re-examination.

2. Why was the propping up construction necessary?

A. To stop the tower of Big Ben from necessary?

B. To stop sharp-eyed people from. seeing the lean.

C. To stop the Tower of Pisa from leaning to much

D.To stop the clock tower from leaning beyond its safety limit.

3. What was the existing lean of the tower at the time when the article was written?

A. 220 millimetres.

B. 255 millimetres.

C. 35 millimetres.

D. 27. 5 millimetres.

4. We can infer from the article that__________.

A. the tower of Big Ben will damage the Houses of Parliament

B. the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland’s opinion

C. the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake

D.the propping up work has proved to be successful

阅读理解

　　The tower of Big Ben, London's most famous building, has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction (建设) work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.

　　To control the tower's movement, engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimeters, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer.

　　Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee Line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee Line project, believed the work would affect (影响) the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres (毫米) over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.

　　To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The tower's additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres.

　　After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than it had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken.

　　Since 1997, the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction. The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower's lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilized (稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says: “We understand the tower has stabilized and returned to its normal movement cycle.”

　　From Modern Construction, 16 September, 2004

1．What does the world “review” (in Paragraph 5) mean?

[　　]

2．Why was the propping up construction necessary?

[　　]

A．To stop the tower of Big Ben from necessary.

B．To stop sharp-eyed people from seeing the lean.

C．To stop the Tower of Pisa from leaning too much.

D．To stop the clock tower from leaning beyond its safety limit.

3．What was the existing lean of the tower at the time when the article was written?

[　　]

4．We can infer from the article that ________.

[　　]

A．the tower of Big Ben will damage the Houses of Parliament (国会)

B．the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland's opinion

C．the writer is blaming (责备) Burland for making a mistake

D．the propping up work has proved to be successful

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing. you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, tilt(倾斜) his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils鼻孔) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises. then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.

To bring a child to life. keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen, If, in spite of your efforts, he stars turning a blue-grey colour, you can feel no pulse, then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.

With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.

1. This passage is mainly about_______ .

A. how to save people out of the water 

B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C. how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing 

D. how to save a child from a river

2. Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you must first____

A. get him breathing again

B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C. find someone to help you    

  D. call the First Aid  Centre

3. In the last paragraph, the word "rescue" means_____.

   A. breath       B. help       C. doctor        D. pulse

4. If the drowning boy has no pulse, _______.

A. pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing

B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life

5. Which of the following statements is true.  ____.

A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B. If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.

C. Don't stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.

If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing. you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, tilt(倾斜) his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils鼻孔) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises. then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until help arrives.

To bring a child to life. keep your lips around his mouth and nose and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen, If, in spite of your efforts, he stars turning a blue-grey colour, you can feel no pulse, then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.

With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.

47. This passage is mainly about_______ .

A. how to save people out of the water 

B. how to give first aid to people who are drowning

C. how to do mouth-to-mouth breathing 

D. how to save a child from a river

48. Once you get a drowning man out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you must first____

A. get him breathing again

B. take him to the nearest hospital as soon as possible

C. find someone to help you    

  D. call the First Aid  Centre

49. In the last paragraph, the word "rescue" means_____.

   A. breath       B. help       C. doctor        D. pulse

50. If the drowning boy has no pulse, _______.

A. pressing his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing

B. blowing air into his mouth is sure to save his life

C. pressing his nostrils together with your fingers can work

D. pressing is the last chance of saving his life

51. Which of the following statements is true.  ____.

A. If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed.

B. If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing.

C. Don't stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again.

D. When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can.