American’s genius with high technology may have put men on the moon, but there is growing doubt about its ability to solve human problems closer to home.

In fact, a slight but significant change from purely technological solutions is already under way as scientists insist that answers to the world’s problems will not come from an attractive exhibition of electronics and machines. Instead, as they see it, solutions must develop from a better understanding of the humans that drive the system and from a fuller appreciation of the limits and potential(潜能) of the earth’s resources.

What this means is an increased emphasis on the life and earth sciences, on sociology, psychology, economics and even philosophy.

More and more of the best minds in science, particularly young researchers, are being drawn into these developing fields.

All this is not to say that technological creativity will not play a critical role in solving energy and food shortages, or that answers to environmental difficulties will not come from further advances in the same technologies that may have helped cause the problems.

Where the real challenge lies, in the view of the new generation of scientists, is in finding ways to produce goods and meet the world’s needs, using less of the raw materials that are becoming short.

Which of the following would the author probably agree with?

       A. The environment crisis will not be solved unless we stop using virgin（原始）materials.

       B. In scientific research, a higher priority（优先）should be given to understanding all living systems.

       C. Exploration of outer space will finally lead to an improvement on human living conditions.

       D. U. S. high-technology companies are welcoming this new change in scientific research.

Which of the following best expresses the main idea?

       A. a growing number of Americans are doubtful about what high technology can do in solving the world’s problems.

       B. Many scientists are beginning to believe that the better understanding of human beings will play a more decisive role in solving the world’s problems.

       C. More and more young scientists are trying their best to find new ways to solve the world’s problems.

       D. Technological creativity will still play a very important part in solving the world’s problems.

Young scientists demand that in order to satisfy human needs ________.

       A. existing products be improved.

       B. more complex machines and electronic equipment be designed.

       C. ways be found to produce better goods using fewer raw materials.

       D. any new invention and innovation be encouraged in technology

In the passage “Human problems” or “world problems” refers mainly to ______.

       A. global food shortage                                     B. resources depletion（耗尽）

       C. environmental pollution                                D. all of the above

The author states all the following CXCEPT that _______.

       A. the development of present techniques cannot provide any answers to today’s problems.

       B. an increasing number of young scientists are taking a great interest in biological and social sciences.

       C. many scientists have come to understand the limits of natural resources.

       D. many scientists argue that high technology is something but not everything.

Have you ever been in a meeting while someone was making a speech and realized suddenly that your mind was a million miles away? You probably felt sorry and made up your mind to pay attention and never have daydreaming again. Most of us, from earliest school days, have been told that daydreaming is a waste of time.

“On the contrary, “says L. Giambra, an expert in psychology (心理学), “daydreaming is quite necessary. Without it, the mind couldn't get done all the thinking it has to do during a normal day... You can't possibly do all your thinking with a conscious(有意识的)mind. Instead, your unconscious mind is working out problems all the time. Daydreaming then may be one way that the unconscious and conscious states of mind have silent dialogues. “

Early experts in psychology paid no attention to the importance of daydreams or even considered them harmful. At one time daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. They did not have a better understanding of daydreams until the late 1980s. Eric Klinger, a professor of psychology, is the writer of the book Daydreaming. Klinger says, “We know now that daydreaming is one of the main ways that we organize our lives, learn from our experiences, and plan for our futures. Day dreams really are a window on the things we fear and the things we long for in life. “

Daydreams are usually very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand. It's easier to gain a deep understanding of your life by paying close attention to your daydreams than by trying to examine your sleep dreams carefully. Daydreams help you recognize the difficult situations in your life and find out a possible way of handling(处理) them.

Daydreams cannot be predicted(预料); they move off in unexpected directions which may be creative and full of useful ideas. For many famous artists and scientists, daydreams were and are a main source of creative energy.

So the next time you catch yourself daydreaming, don't stop. Just pay attention to your dream. It may be more important than you think.

Daydreaming used to be considered      .

       A. very simple and direct             B. unimportant or even harmful

       C. a necessary part of thinking      D. the result of an unconscious mind

In what way are daydreams different from sleep dreams?

       A. Daydreams help us to handle more difficult situations.

       B. Daydreams are not so easy for us to control and direct.

       C. Daydreams are easier for us to understand.

       D. Daydreams help to develop an unconscious mind.

Professor Eric Klinger believes that      .

       A. we may study our experiences just through our daydreams

       B. daydreaming is one of the important ways that we recognize our lives

       C. our fears and longings in life are shown in our daydreams

       D. we should be able to tell our futures by having daydreams

The writer of the article thinks that      .

       A. daydreaming is more helpful than sleep dreams

       B. daydreaming with an unconscious mind will do good to health

       C. Professor Eric Klinger has a better idea than L. Giambra

       D. many artists and scientists are famous because they have daydreams

Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

       A. Daydreaming was once regarded as a cause of some mental illnesses. 

       B. Many well-known artists gained energy of creation from daydreams.

       C. Experts began to have a better understanding of daydreams in the late 1980s.

       D. Scientists believe that we can know daydreams before having them.

"A survey was conducted in Shanghai where interviewees were asked if they wanted to be a factory worker. One percent of all people interviewed said “YES," Wang Hongjun, a technician, said, raising his voice for dramatic effect. "But I can tell you, only a small part of that 1 percent are telling the truth."
I've met colorful people like Wang all over China. They are cynical (玩世不恭的) yet warmhearted, plain spoken but smart. And many of them are confined (局限于) to work in factories.
Wang is a top technician but also represents manual factory workers, who are China's most important natural resource. Their energy is powering China's economic boom, and their muscle is turning the wheel of the world's factory.
But does their unskilled labor give their life meaning? At school, did they tell their friends: "When I grow up I want to work in a factory making socks?" Did you?
Factory work has always been a stepping-stone from farm life to the city and a modern life. It's been happening for centuries, but today, with our space-age technology, it's outdated. Earning 1,200 yuan ($169) per month working in a factory is better than that on a farm, but as Wang points out, it's not a dream career. There should be better ways to earn your rice.
Many modern factories no longer have production line workers. Robots do the assembly (装配). People just do the monitoring. In this age of technology, in which China is now working smarter and not just harder, why are people still standing in production lines?
But life is cheap in China. So why not continue to exploit the low-cost labor situation and keep the economy growing fast, some entrepreneurs may ask.
But have these businessmen ever labored in a factory?
61. How many people surveyed really like to be factory workers?   
A. One percent                       B. Only a small part
C. Only a small part of that one percent          D. The writer didn’t mention it. 
62. Which is NOT the writer's opinion of factory workers?
A. cynical    B. unimportant     C. warmhearted      D. plain spoken
63. Wang Hongjun is a person who is___________.   
A. difficult to get along with
B. humorous but serious
C. cynical but warmhearted, plain spoken but smart
D. full of energy but doesn't want to work hard
64. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? 
A. Factory workers make contributions to China's economic boom.
B. Working in a factory is better than that on a farm.
C. Factory workers are satisfied with their living conditions.
D. Some entrepreneurs exploited the low-cost labor situation.
65. The writer uses___________ to begin the passage.  
A. a lot of figures       B. many examples    C. some dialogue     D. the result of a survey 

Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.

Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.

“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.  

“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”

Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.

“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.

“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”

How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?

A. Some researchers have told them.

B. Many women say so.

C. They know it by experimenting on rats.

D. They know it through their own experience.

What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?

A. Baby rats.         B. Animals.    C. Old rats.            D. Grown-up rats.

What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?

A. Estrogen.                            B. The hormones of pregnancy.    

C. More exercise.                     D. Taking care of children.

“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?

A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.

B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.

C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.

D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.

Which title is the best for this passage?

A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?

B. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter

C. Mysterious Hormones  

D. An Important Study

Most shops in Britain open at 9:00 am, and close at 5:00 or 5:30 in the evening. Small shops usually close for an hour at lunchtime. On one or two days a week—usually Thursday and/or Friday—some large food shops stay open until about 8:00 pm for late night shopping.

Many shops are closed in the afternoon on one day a week. The day is usually Wednesday or Thursday and it is a different day in different towns.

Nearly all shops are closed on Sundays. Newspaper shops are open in the morning, and sell sweets and cigarettes as well. But not all the things can be sold on Sundays.

Usually it is not difficult for foreign visitors to find where to buy things. Most shops sell the things that you want to buy. One problem is stamps. In Britain you can only buy these at post offices. Many large food shops are self-service. When you go into one of these shops, you take a basket and you put the things you wish to buy into this. You pay for everything just before you leave. If anyone tries to take things from a shop without paying they are almost certain to be caught, because most shops have detectives.

When you are waiting to be served in a shop, it is important not try to be served before people who arrive before you. Many foreign people are surprised at the British way of queuing (排队).

Most shops in Britain stay open for about ______ a day.

A. eight hours    B. five hours    C. ten hours    D. six hours

According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?  

A. Some large food shops open for about 11 hours on Thursday or Friday.

B. Many shops are closed in the afternoon once a week on Tuesday.

C. Only a few things can be bought on Sundays.

D. It is not difficult for foreign visitors to buy things in Britain.

You can not buy ______ in shops.  

A. cigarette.      B. sweets.     C. stamps.     D. clothes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?  

A. Most shops usually close for an hour at lunchtime.

B. Many large shops are self-service.

C. Most shops have detectives.

 D. People do not have to queue to be served.

Which of the following statements can be the best title of this passage?

A. Shops in Britain

B. How to buy things in Britain?

C. The British Way of Queuing

D. How long are the British shops?