CHICAGO ---Call it a reward, or just “bribery(贿赂)”.

   Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who get goodies(好东西) for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.

   That’s what worries parenting experts.

   “I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations,” says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.

   “But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough,” Safyer says.

   Parents and experts alike agree that the dynamic(动力) is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It’s unrealistic to think a parent wouldn’t reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who’s the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.

   “But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it’s not something huge for something small,” Lanzi says.

   She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.

   Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.

   “You want to raise them in a way that they’re respectful and appreciate things,” Powell says of her children. “But sometimes, you wonder now if kids appreciate even a new pair of shoes. ”

Parenting experts are worried that ____ .

       A. today’s children are fed up with material things

      B. parents are rewarding their kids improperly

      C. today’s children are more and more demanding(苛求的)

      D. there is lack of communication between parents and children

What Safyer says suggests that ____ .

      A. reward systems are quite limited in developing abilities

      B. reward systems work well regardless of（不管） time and place

      C. reward systems are still not made full use of to develop abilities

      D. reward systems are often used at the wrong time and place

What can we learn from what Robin Lanzi says?

      A. She holds a different opinion from other parenting experts.

      B. She thinks children can’t behave well without being rewarded.

      C. She holds a similar belief to Safyer and gives further explanation.

      D. She doesn’t believe in rewarding children for good behavior.

The father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system can be regarded as

   _____.

       A. over-rewarding his child       

       B. giving his child proper reward

       C. respecting and appreciating his child 

       D. giving something small for something huge

Looking back on  my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.  Although we were all brought up in the same way,my br others and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them,I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.

Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents,aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.

I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my enthusiasm had led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.

But curiosity,a keen eye,a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist: one of the outstanding  and essential qualities required is self?discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist, up to a certain point,can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two,you get the best of both worlds.

1.The first paragraph tells us the author .      

A.was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood 

B.lost his hearing when he was a child

C.didn’t like his brothers and sisters    

D.was born to a naturalist’s family

2.The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because         .

A.he didn’t live very long with them   

B.the family was extremely large

C.he was too young when he lived with them  

D.he was fully occupied with observing nature

3.It can be inferred from the passage that the author was         .

A.a scientist as well as a naturalist   

B.a naturalist but not a scientist

C.no more than a born naturalist        

D.first of all a scientist

4.The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he         .

A.has a great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic

B.lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist

C.just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries

D.comes up with solutions in a most natural way

On September 22, 2007, 108 Chinese cities took part in Car-Free Day, a global event held every year, for the first time.

   China became the world’s second-largest auto market and third-largest car-maker in 2006. It has also become the second-largest greenhouse gas producer in the world, and is rapidly catching up with the United States. In this sense, China’s participation will greatly promote the Car-Free Day movement.

   The number of cars on the road is going up rapidly in China. In Beijing, about 1,000 new cars are added to the streets on an average day.

   Cars certainly offer people plenty of freedom to move around. But in many Chinese cities, appearance of too many cars has turned into a major problem. Getting stuck in traffic jams is an everyday experience for drivers.

   Even worse is the environmental impact（影响）caused by cars. According to a national report, on a “smog day”, 79 percent of the air pollution is caused by cars.

   The growing number of traffic accidents is another problem. Over 100,000 people die from traffic accidents every year in China, which is by far the highest number of road deaths in the world.

   108 cities’ participation in Car-Free Day shows growing public concern about the traffic and environmental problems caused by cars.

   On this day, all cars were banned from running in selected areas of the participating cities. People were encouraged to walk, cycle and use public transport. According to experts, the carbon monoxide in the atmosphere produced by cars was reduced by 3,000 tons on Car-Free Day.

   With cleaner air and smoother traffic flow on the day, more cities will hopefully want to join the event next year. And more people might share the hope that Car-Free Day is not just on September 22, but a possibility 365 days of the year.

From the passage, we can know that China ______.

A. has the world’s highest number of road deaths

B. has the world’s largest auto market

C. is the world’s largest greenhouse gas producer

D. is the world’s second-largest car-maker

Which of the following is discussed in the passage?

A. The causes of car growth in China.  

B. The effects of car growth in China.

C. The history of World Car-Free Day. 

D. The popularity of World Car-Free Day.

On Car-Free Day in 2007, 108 cities in China ______.

A. didn’t allow people to drive   

B. didn’t have air pollution

C. called on people to drive less  

D. called on people to drive freely

Car-Free Day in China will ______.

A. be held all the year round

B. stop air pollution and traffic jams

C. attract more people to join in

D. reduce the production of cars

The marine environment is fascinating to study and work in due to its beauty, richness, and complexity. It covers three quarters of the surface of the Earth, yet we know more detail about the surface of Mars.

In the past, it was seen as both an inexhaustible resource and a bottomless sink for our wastes. Yet the increasing pressures of overpopulation, pollution and the threat to our natural environment mean that there is an increasing need for scientists who can understand how it all works, how it affects us, and how we are affecting it from global warming through to the smallest plankton.

From local issues to global concerns, we now know that the marine environment is inextricably linked to our lives, and to our future survival. It is an area where much remains to be discovered, and where only a multidisciplinary approach can cover the breadth of issues to be confronted. This is the approach taken on our Marine Environmental Science degree course.

This course takes a multi-disciplinary approach to explore and understand the marine environment. After an initial grounding in basic science, optional choices are available in specialist topics such as marine ecosystems and pollution, coastal navigation and oceanography, among others.

Our new harbor side marine laboratory is used for some of the specialist lectures, laboratory and project work, while a week's residential field course in the Isle of Man provides training to prepare for the research project conducted in your final year. There is an optional trip to Belize in the final year to study tropical marine environments.

From the passage, we can infer that ______.

A. people waste a lot of resource

B. marine environment covers 3/4 of the surface of Mars

C. marine environment is beautiful for its sufficient resources

D. the Earth is similar to Mars

The present environment of the Earth forces the experts and scholars to study ______.

A. the relationship between people’s actions and natural environment

B. the relationship between people’s actions and pollution

C. the relationship between people’s actions and overpopulation

D. the relationship between people’s actions and plankton

According to the passage, a multi-disciplinary approach is effective because _______.

A. we can choose some issues as optionally as we can

B. we have practiced the approach for a long time

C. the approach is linked to our future survival

D. the approach covers a lot of problems we will meet

We can divide the lectures of the course into ______ parts.

A.1       B. 2       C. 3       D. 4

If a student choose marine Environmental Science degree course, he must ______.

A. make lectures about the issues to be confronted

B. provide training to get ready to do research project

C. take several days residential field in the Isle

travel to Belize to study tropical marine environments

Answers:

第二节：阅读下列材料，从所给的A、B、C、D、E和F中六个选项中选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项括号涂黑。选项中一项是多余选项。

The people below are applying for teaching positions. After the self introduction of these people, there is information about six schools or educational organizations A-F, which are now recruiting for 2010．Decide which one of them would be most suitable for the person mentioned in questions 61-65．There is one paragraph you do not need to use.

_______ 61．I am 28 years of age. I am a holder of Bachelor’s(学士) of degree in Commerce and have 2 years previous experience teaching Business using interactive approach to various Staff and Executive members of companies in the United States. Available as of April 2010．

_______ 62．I am an American female university student planning to practice teaching children overseas this summer vacation. I have participated in TESL training programs in the United States and I am good at organizing special events such as holiday parties and summer camps.

_______ 63．I am a 40-year old Canadian looking for an ESL position. I am Bachelor of Education for Early Childhood and have 12 years’ experience working with children. I am also a holder of International driver's license. I wish to sign a 6-month contract starting in June.

_______ 64．I major in English and will soon finish my Bachelor’s degree this July in Manchester University and I would like to work overseas for half a year. I can teach conversational classes for all levels and ages. I prefer to work somewhere in Asia with easy access to the big city.

_______65．My wife and I have been in China for the last couple of terms in a university school and we are eager to continue teaching English here for a longer time. The school board intended to rehire us again for the next school year and reassign us to teach young learners. We declined the offer since we are more interested in teaching adults. Both of us hold TEFL Certificates. We are ready to start teaching anytime from this February.

A．Active English School in Nagano, Japan is looking for an energetic and professional ESL teacher to begin working in the beginning of August. Students in our school range from 4 to 73 years of age. Nagano is a quiet city about 20 minutes from Matsumoto and 2 hours from Tokyo by train. Bachelor's degree required.

B．We are always looking for qualified professional teachers. Teaching jobs are located all over the UK. The academic year in the UK runs from September through to July. Candidates for UK teaching jobs must have a university degree, a recognized secondary school (11-18) teaching qualification either in the UK or in your home country. Teaching contracts are for 1 - 2 years full time.

C．English teachers required for a training program designed for management staff in China. One-year contract minimum. Experience preferred. Starting from any time before February 21st. Those in English major or with TEFL certificates will be given preferential consideration. Couples are better.

D．Our school is Mexico's top language institution. We are offering Business English classes to the one who works for Mexico's most important companies. If you are a qualified teacher, we'd consider you to fill the opening we have. Experience preferred. The selected applicant must be available for training 10 days prior to May 20th.

E．We are currently looking for a full-time kindergarten teacher to start teaching in June. We are looking for real professionals coming here to make a difference in the life of their students, not just some young person with no experience coming to hang out in China. As a teacher at our school he or she will have to split their mornings and afternoons between two campuses, thus a car will be offered for convenience.

F．We need teachers in the coming summer program. We offer 2-month contract only. Our maximum class size is 20．We are looking for native English speakers with TESL certificates. Applicants should be interested in teaching children.