I’ve been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one distinction(区别)and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously. The distinction is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.
The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.” In free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The goal is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.
Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad. Halfway through your available time, stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
【小题1】When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind “cannot work in parallel” in the writing process, he means                .

A．one cannot use them at the same time	B．they cannot be regarded as equally important
C．they are in constant conflict with each other	D．no one can be both creative and critical

【小题2】What prevents people from writing on is                .

A．putting their ideas in raw form	B．ignoring grammatical soundness
C．attempting to edit as they write	D．trying to capture fleeting thoughts

【小题3】What is the chief objective of the first stage of writing?

A．To organize one’s thoughts logically.	B．To get one’s ideas down.
C．To choose an appropriate topic.	D．To collect raw materials.

【小题4】One common concern of writers about “free writing” is that                .

A．it overstresses the role of the creative mind	B．it does not help them to think clearly
C．it may bring about too much criticism	D．it takes too much time to edit afterwards

【小题5】In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?

A．It allows him to sit on the side and observe.	B．It helps him to come up with new ideas.
C．It saves the writing time available to him.	D．It improves his writing into better shape.

 

After too long on the Net，even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriend‘s Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes too difficult to understand after his clear words on screen; a secretary‘s tone seems more rejecting than I’d imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid- hours becomes minutes， and alternately seconds stretch into days. Weekends， once a highlight of my week，are now just two ordinary days.

For the last three years，since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose，I have done much of my work as a telecommuter. I submit (提交) articles and edit them by E-mail and communicate with colleagues on Internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated.

If I desired，I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food，and manage my money，love and work. In fact，at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home，going out only to get mail and buy newspapers and groceries.  I watched most of the blizzard of 96 on TV.

 But after a while，life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though I’ve merged (融合) with my machines，taking data in spitting them back out， just another node （波节）on the Net. Others on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. It’s like attending an A. A. meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents’ worst nightmare.

What first seemed like a luxury，crawling from bed to computer，not worrying about hair，and clothes and face，has become an avoidance，a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction，coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult.

At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the background, something that I'd never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安慰) me, but then I'm jarred (使感不快) by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively (强制性能地) needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. "Dateline," "Frontline," "Nightline," CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background.

1．Compared to the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent becomes____

    A．unreal       B．unbearable       C．misleading       D．not understandable

2．What does the last paragraph mean

    A．Having worked on the computer for too long, she became a bit strange.

B．She is so interested in TV programs that she often forgets her work

    C．She watches TV a lot in order to keep up with the latest news and the weather.

    D．She turns on TV now and then in order to get some comfort from TV program.

3．What is the author’s attitude to the computer?

    A．She has become bored with it.

    B．She dislikes it because TV is more attractive.

    C．She dislikes it because it cuts off her relation with the outside world.

    D．She likes it because it is very convenient.

4．The underlined phrase “coming back out of the cave ”probably means_______.         

A．going back to the dreaming world         B．coming back home from the outside world

C．restoring direct human contact            D．getting away from living a strange life

 

From my first day, I was attending press conferences and other media events all over town. I got to attend events at places I had never thought I’d get to: the White House, the Senate and House of Representative buildings at the Capitol (国会大厦), the Department of Health and Human Services, just to name a few. And I was sent to cover these events as if I were a reporter, not just an intern (实习生) .

 In fact, I never really felt like an intern. I was given the opportunity to do the work that everyone else at the paper was doing. I covered stories on my own and wrote the articles myself. I was included in discussions for story ideas. I helped to edit the articles that went into the paper. I was able to take part in every aspect of the newspaper that I wanted to experience.

 The best part of working at the Nation’s Health was the staff. They were supportive in letting me go out and do things on my own, while I always knew that they would be more than happy to answer any questions or help me with any problems I might have. Best of all, they treated me as their equal, not just an intern whom they could get to do all the work they didn’t want to do.

After interning at the Nation’s Health for nearly seven months and having more than 30 articles published, I had to move on. My experience there gave me insight into how the media work, which helps me when I’m trying to choose stories. In addition, it showed me that work really can be fun.

1.What is the passage mainly about?

A. How good reporting begins with journalism interns.

B. The author’s opportunity to work at the Nation’s Health.

C. The author’s experience working as an intern

D. The author’s first day as a professional reporter.

2.What impressed the author most when working at the Nation’s Health?

A. The employees treated her as one of them equally.

B. The opportunity to work alone.

C. Covering stories and writing articles

D. Coming up with story ideas for the newspaper.

3.We can infer that the author had thought an intern would be made to ____.

A. go to as many places as possible

B. do the boring things that others didn’t want to do

C. treat people equally, no matter who they were.

D. get help from a professional reporter

4.What did the author think of her experience of working at the Notion’s Health?

A. Meaningful    B. Disappointing     C. Tiring    D.  Surprising

 

Social networking websites are causing alarming changes in the brains of young users, a famous scientist has warned．Sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Bebo are said to shorten attention spans （幅度）, encourage instant satisfaction and make children more self-centered．
Warnings from neuroscientist （神经系统科学家） Susan Greenfield will disturb the millions whose social lives depend on surfing their favorite websites each day．But they will strike a chord （弦） with parents and teachers who complain that many teenagers lack the ability to communicate or concentrate away from their screens．
More than 150 million use Facebook to keep in touch with friends, share photographs and videos and post regular updates of their movements and thoughts．A further six million have signed up to Twitter, the "micro-blogging" service that lets users exchange text messages about themselves．But while the sites are popular and extremely profitable, a growing number of psychologists and neuroscientists believe they may be doing more harm than good．
Baroness Tarot, an Oxford University neuroscientist believes repeated exposure could rewire the brain．Computer games and fast-paced TV shows were also a factor, she said．"My fear is that these technologies are weakening the brain to the state of small children who are attracted by buzzing noises and bright lights, who have a small attention span and live for the moment．" "I often wonder whether real conversation in real time may eventually give way to these easier and faster screen dialogues, in much the same way as killing and butchering an animal to eat has been replaced by the convenience of packages on the supermarket shelf," she said．
Psychologists have also argued that digital technology is changing the way we think．They point out that students no longer need to plan their term papers before starting to write—thanks to word processors they can edit as they go along．
A study by the Broadcaster Audience Board found teenagers now spend seven and a half hours a day in front of a screen．Educational psychologist Jane Healy believes children should be kept away from computer games until they are seven．Most games only excite the "flight or fight" areas of the brain, rather than the areas responsible reasoning．
Sue Palmer, author of Toxic Childhood, said: "We are seeing children's brain development damaged because they don't engage in the activity they have engaged in for thousands of years．I'm not against technology and computers．But before they start social networking, they need to learn to make real relationships with people．"
【小题1】.
According to the passage, social networking websites might _____．

A．make young users more selfish

B．lengthen young users' attention span

C．encourage young users constant satisfaction

D．help young users communicate better with their families

【小题2】.
A neuroscientist may worry that sites like Facebook may ______．

A．help children learn to make real relationships with people in society

B．encourage students not to plan their term papers before starting to write

C．disturb those whose social lives depend on surfing their favorite websites

D．make real conversation in real time give way to easier and faster screen dialogue

【小题3】.
From the passage we can infer that _____．

A．Baroness Tarot agrees websites cause small children's small attention span

B．Jane Healy believes computer games can do good to children's reasoning

C．Susan Greenfield's warnings have been brought to wide public attention

D．Sue Palmer's book Toxic Childhood discusses the development of networking

【小题4】.
What is the purpose of this passage?

A．To tell us the conflict between neuroscientists and psychologists on websites．

B．To present some negative opinions on social networking websites．

C．To offer advice on the problem of brain damage caused by social networking．

D．To analyse how social networking websites cause damage in the brains of teenagers．

I've been writing for most of my life. The book Writing Without Teachers introduced me to one difference and one practice that have greatly helped my writing processes. The difference is between the creative mind and the critical mind. While you need to use both of the creative mind and the critical (批判) mind to reach a finished result，they cannot work in parallel (平行_k.&s~5*u，并行) no matter how much we might like to think so.

　Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest trouble with writing that most of us meet. If you are listening to a 5th grade English teacher correcting your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting（稍纵即_k.&s~5*u逝的）thought, the thought will die. If you catch the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking as it is.

　The practice that can help you overcome your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls“free writing”. In free writing, the goal is to get words down on paper non-stop，usually for 15-20 minutes. No stopping, no going back, no criticizing. The aim is to get the words flowing. As the words begin to flow，the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.

　Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly. Most likely，you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.

　Instead of staring at a blank start and filling it with words no matter how bad they could be，stop halfway through your available time and rework your raw writing into something closer to the finished product. Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.

When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind“cannot work in parallel”in the writing process，he means _______.

A. no one can be both creative and critical               

B. they can’t be regarded as equally important

C. they are in constant conflict with each other 

D. one cannot use them at the same time

What usually prevents people from writing on is _______.

A. putting their ideas in raw form             B. attempting to edit as they’re writing

C. ignoring grammatical problems            D. trying to capture their fleeting thoughts

What is the chief purpose of the first stage of writing？

A. To organize one’s thoughts logically.     B. To choose an appropriate topic.

C. To get one’s ideas down quickly.           D. To collect many more raw materials.

In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process？

A. It refines(improves) his writing into a better shape. 

B. It helps him to come up with new ideas.

C. It saves the writing time available to him.

D. It allows him to sit on the side and observe.