In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week.

Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Criticism（批评） of the cuts has led in some places to efforts to give students more time for exercise, not less.

A study reported that life expectancy（寿命） has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity（肥胖）, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.

A study found that only four percent of elementary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.

Charlene Burgeson is the executive director of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. She says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school.

But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training.

Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.

1. . How many reasons have caused some Americans’ life expectancy to fall?

2.  The underlined part “that idea” (the last paragraph) refers to _______.

3. . From the passage we can infer that _______.

4. . The passage mainly tells us about _______.

In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week.
Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Criticism（批评） of the cuts has led in some places to efforts to give students more time for exercise, not less.
A study reported that life expectancy（寿命） has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity（肥胖）, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.
A study found that only four percent of elementary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.
Charlene Burgeson is the executive director of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. She says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school.
But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training.
Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.

1. 1.

   . How many reasons have caused some Americans’ life expectancy to fall?

   1. A.
      Three.
   2. B.
      Four.
   3. C.
      Five.
   4. D.
      Six.
2. 2.

    The underlined part “that idea” (the last paragraph) refers to _______.

   1. A.
      competitive sports
   2. B.
      a lifetime of activity
   3. C.
      no-win situation
   4. D.
      uncompetitive exercise
3. 3.

   . From the passage we can infer that _______.

   1. A.
      physically active children have more chances to be fit when growing up
   2. B.
      most American schools let students take physical activity enough
   3. C.
      the older a student is, the less exercise he gets
   4. D.
      not all parents think exercise is good for students
4. 4.

   . The passage mainly tells us about _______.

   1. A.
      school and students’ health
   2. B.
      how to make children healthy
   3. C.
      American schools’ physical education
   4. D.
      American students’ health

A casual employee is one who is engaged and paid as such by agreement between the employer and employee.  There is a three-hour minimum payment for each period of engagement and a four-hour minimum engagement on a Public Holiday.  No notice of termination is required.  For night work between 8:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Monday to Friday a penalty of $1.28 per hour (or part of hour) shall be paid with a minimum of $4.37 for any one day on which such hours are worked.
Meals: Casual employees whose engagement extends for five hours or more shall be provided with a meal free of charge, or shall be paid in lieu of $5.00 ($6.00 from 1 May 1996)
Casual employment over eight hours: Paid at the overtime rate of full time employees.
Payment of wages: By mutual consent either weekly or on termination of engagement.
Annual leave: Pro-rata Annual Leave entitlement for casuals is on the basis of 1/12^th of earnings. Many employers pay this inclusive with the hourly rate.  If this is not done, it should be paid on termination of services or at the end of 12 months’ service.
Special clothing: A casual employee is required to provide and wear a black and white uniform or an equivalent standard specified by the club (e.g. blue and white, cook’s clothing, etc.) this includes how tie and cummerbund if required by the employer.  The employer may launder all uniforms, or pay the employee and allowance of $1.00 per engagement ($1.20 from 1 May 1996) for general staff.  Cooks shall be paid $1.50 per engagement ($1.70 from 1 May 1996).
【小题1】Casual employees must be given a free meal or a meal allowance if they ______.

A casual employee is one who is engaged and paid as such by agreement between the employer and employee.  There is a three-hour minimum payment for each period of engagement and a four-hour minimum engagement on a Public Holiday.  No notice of termination is required.  For night work between 8:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Monday to Friday a penalty of $1.28 per hour (or part of hour) shall be paid with a minimum of $4.37 for any one day on which such hours are worked.
Meals: Casual employees whose engagement extends for five hours or more shall be provided with a meal free of charge, or shall be paid in lieu of $5.00 ($6.00 from 1 May 1996)
Casual employment over eight hours: Paid at the overtime rate of full time employees.
Payment of wages: By mutual consent either weekly or on termination of engagement.
Annual leave: Pro-rata Annual Leave entitlement for casuals is on the basis of 1/12^th of earnings. Many employers pay this inclusive with the hourly rate.  If this is not done, it should be paid on termination of services or at the end of 12 months’ service.
Special clothing: A casual employee is required to provide and wear a black and white uniform or an equivalent standard specified by the club (e.g. blue and white, cook’s clothing, etc.) this includes how tie and cummerbund if required by the employer.  The employer may launder all uniforms, or pay the employee and allowance of $1.00 per engagement ($1.20 from 1 May 1996) for general staff.  Cooks shall be paid $1.50 per engagement ($1.70 from 1 May 1996).

1. 1.

   Casual employees must be given a free meal or a meal allowance if they ______.

   1. A.
      work after 7:00 a.m.
   2. B.
      work over five hours a day
   3. C.
      have had 12 months’ service
   4. D.
      are paid $5.00
2. 2.

   In casual employment, notice of termination is ______.

   1. A.
      not possible
   2. B.
      not necessary
   3. C.
      provided
   4. D.
      paid in lieu
3. 3.

   Which of the following sentences best sums up the situation of casual staff?

   1. A.
      The employers of casual staff are well protected by regulations.
   2. B.
      Casual staff need to provide their own uniforms.
   3. C.
      The rights and conditions of casual staff are clearly specified.
   4. D.
      The conditions of casual staff are as good as those of full-time staff.

A. Section One: Education---Has a huge range of textbooks and supplementary material covering all the major high school and university subjects. Buyers showing their student cards receive a 15% discount on all purchases from this section.

B. Section Three: Humor Section --- A great selection of joke books, funny stories and wonderful real life adventures that are sure to keep the reader laughing for days.

C. Section Five: Biography --- Find out about the lives of your favorite sports stars, singers, actors and other famous people from today and the past. Learn what they had to go through to become successful and the effect it had on their lives.

D. Section One: Do-It-Yourself Section -- On these shelves customers can find the latest manuals on how to do everything from building a computer to constructing your own home.

E. Section Two: Sports & Leisure Section --- Stocks a large range of the latest books on your favorite sporting teams and events. Pick up the perfect Father's Day present here.

F. Section Four: Business & Finance --- Students, business people or anyone interested in the world of commerce are certain to find the book they are after here. We have special subsection for international trade and e-commerce.

阅读下列关于各书籍的信息，匹配书籍与其所应放置的书架：

56. The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron --- by Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind --- As the title suggests the authors cover the rise of the American electricity company to become one of the 10 richest companies in the world and its spectacular fall into dishonor and bankruptcy. A perfect guide on what not to do in business.

57. The Delighted Eye --- by Prof. John Nash --- The 1994 Nobel Prize Winner for Economics, whose ideas have influenced a generation of the world's greatest economic minds, tells his life story: growing up in a small town in America, becoming one of America's most influential mathematicians and his battles with mental illness.

58. Ready Made--- How to Make (Almost) Everything --- by Shoshanna Berger and Grace Hawthorne --- beautifully written with great factual information. The theme behind this book is re-use, re-claim, re-cycle and there are many detailed easy-to-do projects for the reader to try such as making a photo frame from a book cover or a pot for your plants from plastic shopping bags.

59. Mother Tongue: The English Language --- by Bill Bryson --- Bryson's book is a journey through the history and different aspects of the English language, one that is both informative and hugely entertaining. As with most of Bryson's books, fun comes before facts and readers will be left with a smile on their faces.

60. Into Thin Air --- by John Krakauer --- is a riveting first-hand account of a disastrous race to the top of Mount Everest. In March 1996, Outside magazine sent veteran journalist and experienced climber John Krakauer to join the team led by the famous Everest guide Rob Hall. Despite the expertise of Hall and the other leaders, by the end of the race eight people were dead.