There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine”, or “scientific medicine.” Scientific doctors try to observe sicknesses, look for logical patterns, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient world this approach probably did not cure many patients.

A second kind of medicine is called “natural cures,” or “folk medicine,” in which less educated people try to cure sicknesses with various herbs（药草）. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine.

The third kind is called “health spas（矿泉疗养地）,” or  “faith healing.” Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell, to cure you. Some religious groups organize special healing shrines for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.

Doctor medicine         .

       A．has a longer history than folk medicine 

B．has been practiced for around 1,600 years

       C．bases its treatments on observation and logic

       D．was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?

       A．Magic power.   B．Various herbs. 

C．Religious faith. D．A healthy life style.

According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

       A．Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.

       B．people who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.

       C．The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.

       D．Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.

The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to         .

       A．describe different types of medicine

       B．argue for the importance of medicine in health care

       C．show the crucial role religion plays in medical treatments

       D．compare the educational background of three different types of patients

It is reported that today in China, 50% of people who write blogs do so as a personal diary and 83% use their blogs for sending messages to friends. It is also found that there is a strong East-West difference. In places like the US, blogs that offer information on news attract more readers but in China, blogs are more likely to be about sharing personal feelings.

   It seems that bloggers can be divided into three types: IT bloggers, bloggers who record their ordinary feelings and media bloggers.

When blogging first started, the IT people had the technological advantage and they took the chance to put their thoughts on the web. Some of these IT people read their blogs.

The next wave of bloggers did not have any training as writes or in IT and wrote about normal daily life. Media bloggers, however, are trained writers, such as journalists and editors. When the many media bloggers showed up, the everyday blogs lost most of their readers. Media bloggers have the advantage of knowing how to communicate well through the written word.

However, the normal bloggers are still out there and increasing in number. It seems that blogging is the new way to express your feelings. People feel like the world is listening to, or rather reading, their problems, even if they are not .

What type of text is this?

   A. A blog.               B. A diary.             C. A news report.          D. A school textbook.

What is the passage’s subject?

How many people in China blog.

How did blogging get started.

Different types of blogs and bloggers.

What media bloggers do.

How does the writers feel about the subject?

He/She feels strongly that blogging is a good thing.

He/She feels that there are lots of problems with blogging.

We can’t tell since he/she is not a blogger.

We can’t tell since he/she is just reporting facts.

What is the writer’s tone?

   A. Humorous and light-hearted.                    B. Serious and factual.

   C. Conversational.                                       D. Informal.

There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging （包装）is the silent but persuading salesman.

There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer（消费者）, so that is buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products,” as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers’ feeling for packaging, noticed.

Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up.

Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. That’s why the round yellow M signs of McDonald’s are inviting to both young and old.

This new consumer response（反应）to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.

60．According to the passage, ______ seems to be able to persuade a consumer to buy the product.

       A．the pleasing color of the package    B．the special taste of the product

       C．the strange shape of the package     D．the belief in the product

61．If a package or a product is round in shape, it can ________.

       A．bring excitement to the consumers  B．attract the consumers’ attention

       C．catch the eye movement of the consumers   D．produce a happy and peaceful feeling

62． “And the word ‘green’ today can keep food prices going up.” This sentence suggests that consumers today are ________.

       A．starting to notice the importance of new food

       B．enjoying the beauty of nature more than before

       C．beginning to like green vegetables

       D．paying more attention to their healthy

63．It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of ________.

       A．vegetable dish  B．healthy juice    C．iced drink D．red vegetable

There are new findings that not enough sleep may cause people to gain weight.Researchers say a lack of sleep can produce hormonal changes that increase feelings of hunger.

In one study,researchers in the United States examined information on more than 1000 people.The people had taken part in a long-term study of sleep disorders.

Some people slept less than five hours a night.They had 15 percent higher blood levels of a hormone called ghrelin than people who slept eight hours.And they had 15 percent less of the hormone leptin.Experts say ghrelin helps make people feel hungry;leptin makes you feel full.

The scientists say these hormonal changes may be a cause of obesity in Western societies.They note the combination that limitation is common and is widely available.

The results were not affected by how much people exercised.People who are awake longer have more time to burn energy.But the researchers say loss of sleep may increase hunger especially  for high-calorie foods,so people gain weight.It seems that,for survival,the body may be designed to store more fat during times with less sleep.

Researchers from Stanford University in California and the University of Wisconsin did the study.They found that the best amount of sleep for weight control is 7.7 hours a night.

The Public Library of Science published the findings in its journal Medicine.Internet users can read the full study,free of charge,at plos.org.

Which of the following shows the right way in which lack of sleep causes weight gain?

A.more ghrelin and less leptin→feeling hungry→eating more

B.feeling hungry→eating more→more ghrelin and less leptin

C.burning more energy→feeling hungry→eating more

D.more leptin and less ghrelin→feeling full→less exercise

The two words missing in the 4th paragraph should be “_________”and “_________”.

A.weight;sleep              B.sleep;food          C.hunger;food               D.weight;work

When you sleep 7.7 hours a night,you will_________.

A.have your ghrelin level rise and leptin level drop

B.have your leptin level rise and ghrelin level drop

C.have your ghrelin and leptin levels properly balanced

D.feel neither hungry nor full

The writer wrote this passage to_________.

A.make a news report                                B.offer a piece of medical advice

C.make an advertisement                            D.keep a record of the research findings

It seems that every week someone becomes “the first” or “the youngest” or even “the first married couple” to do something that doesn’t seem to be very useful to the rest of us.

Why do they do it? Don’t they have better things to do with their time and money? And why should I be interested anyway? Human beings have already climbed the highest mountains, sailed across the oceans and flown around the world. Many of these things were done a long, long time ago. There just isn’t anything left to explore nowadays. I suppose there’s still a lot of the universe left, and the bottom of the ocean is still a bit of a mystery, but you need a lot of technology to explore areas like that. So, those people who feel the need for adventure can only do things that have been done before.

In May of this year a British man became the first person to walk alone from Canada to the North Pole. Personally, if I wanted to visit the Arctic, I’d rather go as a tourist on a cruise ship, with a helicopter trip to the North Pole included in the price. But OK, this man decided that he wanted to walk. The problem was that he went in the spring when the ice begins to melt and break up. So he got stuck on a longely piece of ice and a plane had to be sent in to rescue him.

These sorts of rescues are making many Australians angry with these record breakers. People trying to break sailing or rowing records get into trouble in the seas. So the Australian navy has to send ships to save them and this costs the government millions of dollars. I suppose we can’t just leave them to drown but we should give the bill to the people who are rescued.

According to the author, the so-called record breakers           .

    A．do not benefit other people at all

    B．inspire people to continue exploring

    C．are boring and should be stopped

    D．are usually not wealthy enough

We can infer from the second paragraph that           .

    A．there are no high mountains for people to climb

    B．nothing is left for people to explore in the universe

    C．it’s beyond ordinary people to explore the unknown

    D．human beings could fly around the world long ago

Many Australians are angry because the record breakers         .

    A．often get into trouble

    B．never use a cruise ship or a helicopter

    C．never pay their own costs

    D．satisfy their needs at the cost of others’ interest

What is the writer’s attitude towards the record breakers?

    A．Positive.            B．Negative.

    C．Uninterested.            D．Neutral（中立的）.