A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men—4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

　　The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 .He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used.

　　An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by 13 the theories 14 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives.

　　Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 20 .

　　1.A.cases        B .reasons      C .factors      D .situations

　　2.A.But         B .And         C .Besides     D .Even

　　3.A.else         B .near         C .extra       D .similar

　　4.A.generating    B .effective     C .motivating   D .creative

　　5.A.origins       B .sources      C .bases       D .discoveries

　　6.A.employed     B .created      C .operated    D .controlled

　　7.A.came        B .arrived       C .stemmed   D .appeared

　　8.A.less         B .better        C. more       D .worse

　　9.A.genuine      B .practical     C .pure        D .clever

　　10.A.happily     B .occasionally  C. reluctantly   D .accurately

　　11.A.now        B .and         C .all         D .so

　　12.A.seldom      B .sometimes   C .all         D .never

　　13.A.planning    B .using        C .idea        D .means

　　14.A.of         B .with         C .to          D .as

　　15.A.single      B .sole         C. specialized   D .specific

　　16.A.few        B .those        C .many       D .all

　　17.A.proposed    B .developed    C .supplied     D .offered

　　18.A.little       B .much        C .some        D .any

　　19.A.as         B .if           C .because      D .while

　　20.A.ago        B .past         C .ahead        D .before

A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply—all these were important 1 in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. 2 they were not enough. Something 3 was needed to start the industrial process. That "something special" was men—4 individuals who could invent machines, find new 5 of power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.

　　The men who 6 the machines of the Industrial Revolution 7 from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were 8 inventors than scientists. A man who is a 9 scientist is primarily interested in doing his research 10 .He is not necessarily working 11 that his findings can be used.

　　An inventor or one interested in applied science is 12 trying to make something that has a concrete use. He may try to solve a problem by 13 the theories 14 science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a 15 result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of 16 other objectives.

　　Most of the people who 17 the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had 18 or no training in science might not have made their inventions 19 a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years 20 .

　　1.A.cases       B .reasons            C .factors            D .situations

　　2.A.But         B .And              C .Besides           D .Even

　　3.A.else        B .near               C .extra             D .similar

　　4.A.generating   B .effective           C .motivating         D .creative

　　5.A.origins       B .sources           C .bases             D .discoveries

　　6.A.employed    B .created            C .operated          D .controlled

　　7.A.came        B .arrived            C .stemmed          D .appeared

　　8.A.less        B .better              C. more             D .worse

　　9.A.genuine      B .practical           C .pure             D .clever

　　10.A.happily     B .occasionally        C. reluctantly         D .accurately

　　11.A.now       B .and                C .all               D .so

　　12.A.seldom     B .sometimes         C .all                D .never

　　13.A.planning   B .using              C .idea               D .means

　　14.A.of        B .with               C .to                 D .as

　　15.A.single      B .sole              C. specialized          D .specific

　　16.A.few       B .those              C .many              D .all

　　17.A.proposed   B .developed         C .supplied            D .offered

　　18.A.little       B .much             C .some              D .any

　　19.A.as         B .if                C .because            D .while

　　20.A.ago       B .past               C .ahead              D .before

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.

　　If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.

　　Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.

　　Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.

　　These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.

　　But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.

1.According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “_______”.

A．You have good reason to get upset

B．I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame

C．I apologize for hurting your feelings

D．I’m at fault for making you upset

2.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _______.

A．the complexities involved should be ignored

B．their ages should be taken into account

C．parents need to set them a good example

D．parents should be patient and tolerant

3.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _______.

A．a social issue calling for immediate attention

B．not necessary among family members

C．a sign of social progress

D．not as simple as it seems

 

If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.
　　If you say to your children “I’m sorry I got angry with you, but …” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache ” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.
　　Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “I’m sorry you’re upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.
　　Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “I’m useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.
　　These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.
　　But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children’s expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent’s clothes without permission is not.
【小题1】According to the author, saying “I’m sorry you’re upset” most probably means “_______”.

A．You have good reason to get upset

B．I’m aware you’re upset, but I’m not to blame

C．I apologize for hurting your feelings

D．I’m at fault for making you upset

【小题2】We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _______.

A．the complexities involved should be ignored

B．their ages should be taken into account

C．parents need to set them a good example

D．parents should be patient and tolerant

【小题3】It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is _______.

A．a social issue calling for immediate attention

B．not necessary among family members

C．a sign of social progress

D．not as simple as it seems