阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给四个选项中选出最佳答案。

　　The popularly－held view has it that “opportunity to learn” is the key to educational success－i. e., the more time children spend on a subject, the better they do at it. Alas, the evidence so far is not encouraging for the proponent(支持者) of this theory. According to a recent study, there seems little correlation(相互关系)between time spent on a subject and performance of pupils in tests.

　　Next－and of particular interest to governments of poor countries－there appears to be little evidence to support the argument that the main cause of educational under－achievements is under－funding. Low－spending countries such as South Korea and the Czech Republic are at the top. High－spenders such as America and Denmark do much worse. Obviously, there are dozens of reasons other than spending why one country does well, another badly, but the success of the lowspending Czechs and Koreans does show that spending more on schools is not a prerequisite(先决条件) for improving standards.

　　Another article of faith among the teaching profession－that children are bound to do better in small classes－is also being broken by educational research. The study found that France, America and Britain, where children are usually taught in classes of twenty－odd, do significantly worse than East Asian countries where almost twice as many pupils are crammed into each class. Again, there may be social reasons why some countries can cope better with large classes than others. All the same, the comparison refutes(驳倒，反驳) the argument that larger is necessarily worse.

　　Further, the study even cast some doubt over the cultural explanation for the greater success of East Asia：that there is some hard－to－define Asian culture, connected with parental authority and a strong social value on education, which makes children more eager to learn and easier to teach. Those who make this argument say it would of course be impossible to replicate(复制) such oriental(东方的) magic in the West.

　　Yet the results of the study suggest that this is, to put it mildly, exaggerated(夸张), if “culture” makes English children so poor at math, then why have they done so well at science(not far behind the Japanese and South Koreans)? And why do English pupils do well at science and badly at math, while in France it is the other way around? A less mystical, more common explanation suggests itself：English schools teach science well and math badly; French schools teach math better than science; East Asian schools teach both subjects well.

1．The passage is mainly connected with ________.

[　　]

A．building a relationship between culture and education

B．exposing educational myths(神话)

C．introducing educational theories

D．comparing educational practices in different countries

2．All of the following are commonly－held beliefs about education except ________.

[　　]

A．time spent on a subject correlates with academic success

B．educational achievements correlate with the money spent

C．culture is not a deciding factor in school performance

D．large classes contribute to poor educational achievement

3．The fact that English pupils do well at science and badly at math while in France it is the other way around has something to do with ________.

[　　]

A．teaching methods

B．cultural values

C．money spent

D．class size

4．Which of the following statements is supported by the passage?

[　　]

A．Low－spending will lead to good school performance.

B．Students in large classes will do better than students in small classes.

C．Asian culture makes students eager to learn and easy to teach.

D．Austrian teenagers do better than New Zealand's teenagers.

5．Which of the following countries does worst in science?

[　　]

阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

They worked day and night about three days          （一切才恢复）to normal.(return)

I can’t imagine          （他们多么激动）when they received these Christmas presents.(how)

       （如果参加）eco-travel and you will find it will help you understand the importance of nature.(take)

Not        （知道如何解决）the problem, he turned to his teacher for help. (work)

The doctor insisted that the patient        （动手术）as soon as possible. (operate)

With            （一场致命的台风爆发）, more than 600 people were listed as either dead or missing on August the 21^st, 2009 in Taiwan. (break)

To every one of us,         （被录取）Beijing University is a great honor. (admit)

The news spread quickly through the village          （战争已结束）,making the villagers wild with joy. (end)

I’ll pay you a visit tomorrow afternoon if            （你方便）. (convenient)

I would have come for the lecture given by professor Lee the day before yesterday, but I   （没受到邀请）(invite).

阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。

1.They worked day and night about three days         （一切才恢复）to normal.(return)

2.I can’t imagine         （他们多么激动）when they received these Christmas presents.(how)

3.      （如果参加）eco-travel and you will find it will help you understand the importance of nature.(take)

4.Not       （知道如何解决）the problem, he turned to his teacher for help. (work)

5.The doctor insisted that the patient       （动手术）as soon as possible. (operate)

6.With           （一场致命的台风爆发）, more than 600 people were listed as either dead or missing on August the 21^st, 2009 in Taiwan. (break)

7.To every one of us,         （被录取）Beijing University is a great honor. (admit)

8.The news spread quickly through the village         （战争已结束）,making the villagers wild with joy. (end)

9.I’ll pay you a visit tomorrow afternoon if           （你方便）. (convenient)

10.I would have come for the lecture given by professor Lee the day before yesterday, but I  （没受到邀请）(invite).

阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

梵  高

张  炜

我们终于谈到梵高了，神圣的梵高。在当代，他已经是不同艺术领域中的崇拜人物。他的作品在商人那儿已经化为金子，或者是远比金子还要昂贵十倍的珍奇。但是像他那样的心灵不仅用金钱无法沟通，就是用一般的艺术和精神也无法接近。他会在任何时候任何地点，拒绝那些流行的艺术热望者、大知音和中产阶级的高雅情调。因为他只是最平凡的人群中的一个灵魂，一个底层的感受者和传达者，一个不屈服者和抗争者，一个实践善良和使用决心的人。他是贫民的儿子，是他们痛苦而尖锐的眼睛。在这样的一双眼睛面前，我们往往只有在无可奈何的沉默中压住自己心底的惊叹才行。他的境界是高不可攀的，因为那是底层艺术家所守护的最后一道防线，也是权利。这其实也是人的防线与权利。梵高可以让我们明白，当一个人面对无情的外部世界时，顽强的精神会怎样迸溅出火花，直至燃烧为熊熊烈焰。

我走在慕尼黑、曼哈顿、巴黎等最著名的艺术博物馆里，在星光灿烂之中，在无法穷尽的艺术、不同时代不同流派的大荟萃面前，常常有一种无可逃匿的眩晕感。在跨越时空而来的多角度多层次、频繁急促和陡然有力的各种撞击之下，那根本来敏感的神经已经麻木疲萎。可是，几乎是无一例外，只要一走近梵高，一走近他的展出单元，立刻就会感到一片辉煌之光扑面而来。就这样，最昂扬的音乐陡然奏响。世界马上改变了，双眼睁大了，一切又重新开始了。

这是怎样神秘的力量，这力量又从何而来？

当然，一切只能源于他的这个生命。他的生命仍然在持续不断地发散----首先是从源头，从他执笔之时，从那一刻的怦怦心跳开始震动我们，使我们至今不能安宁。他眼中的一切原来与我们有巨大区别，就是这区别让我们双眼大睁、心上一凛。这区别当然是来自他的目光，它有强大的剥落和穿凿的力量：世界上的所有事物都被我们的眼睛蒙上了一层庸常的布幔，但这布幔在梵高那儿马上被刺破，或被抽揭一空。世界裸露了，本真显现了，所以他让我们看到的就是强烈的光，是逼人的颜色，是疾旋与燃烧，是轰响和炸裂，是呼叫和奔突......我们每个人本来都拥有这种直视的能力，不幸的是后来的生活给予我们每个人无尽的磨损，我们丧失了这种能力，而只有神奇的梵高保留了。

梵高做过教师、画店营业员、传教士、书店店员、画家。这些职业是那么不同，可是在梵高那儿并没有人们想像的那么大的差异。因为他以同样的心情去做，同样用力，同样真实。他赋予任何工作的，都仅仅是一份生命的虔诚。也正是由于这种对于工作的非同常人的理解，他差不多把每一样工作都给做“砸了”。最后是作画----他现在被公认为最伟大的画家之一，可是当时却被看成是最不成功的画家，几乎没有卖出过一幅作品。他没有一般专业人士看好的技法，简直没有受到什么正规的、更不要说是深入独到的专业训练了。他的画被看成可笑的涂抹，形式上一塌糊涂。那些直接而强悍的笔触、生猛可怖的画面，能够毫不费力地逼退那些艺术沙龙的宠儿。其实比起梵高而言，许多人等于生活在温室中，他们没有经历真实的风雨阳光，当然也没有接受过催逼，没有倾听过号叫，没有接受过起码的人生打击。他们怎么具有理解梵高的能力呢？

真实的生活，底层的生活，有时候、许多时候都是刺目的。但是在漫长的人生旅途中，生活的真实面目还是要显现----最后总是要显现。这是一个顽强的规律。每到这个时刻，人们也就开始理解了梵高，只不过稍微晚了些。

梵高的艺术，像许多真正的艺术一样，是直到最后才被接受下来的。

他保留下了大量书信。人们阅读这些书信时，才知道他是多么热情、对生活多么挚爱的人。人们读得泪眼汪汪。其实他的画作已经再好不过地表达了这种热烈。他的巨大的慈爱并不需要直接说出，他的柔情也并不需要，因为他全部都画出来了。他正是为这种爱，而不是为这种艺术，交出了自己全部的生命。

——《远逝的风景》

文章指出梵高的“心灵不仅用金钱无法沟通，就是用一般的艺术和精神也无法接近”，为什么？尽量用文中的语言作答，不超过14个字。

文章第三自然段：“这是怎样神秘的力量”中“这”所指代的具体内容是什么？

画线的句子问：“这力量又从何而来？”文中除从总的方面回答：“源于他的这个生命”以外，还说了两个具体的答案，请用自己的话予以归纳。

下列对文章的理解有误的两项是：（     ）

    A．梵高的作品现在已经成为商人们以高价竞相购买的收藏品，而且成了商人们心中的无价之宝。

    B．梵高让我们明白了顽强的精神可以使人在面对无情的外部世界时迸溅出火花，以至成为熊熊燃烧的烈焰

    C．由于在慕尼黑等地的最著名的艺术博物馆里，艺术家众多，不同时代的艺术流派纷至沓来，使人常常有一种无可逃匿的眩晕感，故尔使作者对他们的作品产生了反感。

    D．梵高现在已被公认为最伟大的画家之一，但在梵高的一生中做过教师、画店营业员、传教士、书店店员、画家，均未达到成功的目的，虽然他如同做画那样以同样的心情去做，同样用力，同样真实。

    E．梵高的画以逼人的颜色，强烈的光，强悍的笔触，生猛可怖的画面，裸露、显现了世界的真实面目，逼退了当时艺术沙龙中的宠儿，因而遭到当时人们的否定。