题目列表(包括答案和解析)
When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses． This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964． Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work． As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed （刺） by a man later identified as Winston Moseley． Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help． The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans． As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect． First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility． Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present． The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways． When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous． In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese．
A． it somehow caused the murder of
B． its discovery resulted from the murder of
C． it was actually discovered by
D． it always makes people think of
Genovese was murdered ．
A． while she was going out B． in her apartment
C． halfway home D． near her apartment
Which can NOT have been a possible reason for the neighbors NOT offering Genovese help?
A． They believed in the bystander effect．
B． They thought someone else might help her．
C． They didn't think they should help．
D． They didn't think she needed help．
Before deciding to offer help, observers may , according to the psychologists．
A． wait for sort of a signal
B． hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt
C． want to be sure it's appropriate to react
D． wonder if the victim is worth helping
The article seems to suggest that, if there had been observers, Genovese might not have been murdered．
A． no B． fewer C． more D． braver
Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (正直,诚实）,” says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer（缓冲） that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example".
For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list of important values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else.
The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds.
"How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life,
1.How can a 15-minute writing exercise of important values affect people?
A. They will feel proud of themselves and gain weight gradually.
B. They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.
C. They may continue writing and decide to become a professional writer.
D. They will never have meals at night to make themselves lose weight.
2.What were the females required to do in the study?
A. Only the control group was given a list of important values.
B. Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.
C. Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.
D. The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them.
3.Which of the following persons may lose weight according to the new study?
A. Mary who wrote about her own adventure.
B. Catherine who described her illness in her writing.
C. Shirley who wrote how much she loved her children.
D. Alice who complained her boss in her diary.
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Writing Benefits Women a Lot
B. Losing Weight Is Very Simple
C. Writing Contributes to Losing Weight
D. Women Values Losing Weight
The Catherine family enjoyed the good things in life as much as anyone else. They ___36___games, books, music, toys, good food and good times. But sometimes ___37___seemed, especially to Mrs. Catherine who ___38___the house, that they had too much stuff in the closets, in the drawers, in the basement, and almost ___39___. It made Mrs. Catherine a little ___40___.
One day, at breakfast, Mrs. Catherine made a（n） ___41___. “This family,”she said firmly, “has too much stuff. It's time to get ___42___of some of them. ”The three children all ___43___with this idea and helped pile used things and unused things they were never going to use into the car.
Their first ___44___was Home for the Aged where the older went to live. Nurses and doctors looked after them, but sometimes the older got a little lonely and ___45___. They liked visitors and things to do. When the family arrived at Home for the Aged, they ___46___out their games and puzzles to the older and then sat down to play games and do puzzles with them. They had a ___47___time and they were sorry when it was time to leave.
Their next stop was the Young Cubs Hospital. The Catherine family dropped ___48___their load of used toys which were very welcome. The hospital workers said the toys would be given out at the hospital ___49___party.
Their last stop was People Who Care store. This was a store that sold things to ___50___money for those who needed warm clothes and good food. The Catherine family lugged all their old clothes and furniture into the store.
After that, the Catherine family ___51___home with warm feelings about what they had done. ___52___they drove along, they passed the lighted ___53___of supermarkets which were beautifully decorated for Christmas. There was window after window of the very latest things, but they were so filled with special thoughts about helping others that they ___54___noticed the wonderful things in the windows except maybe out of the ___55___of their eyes.
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— Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You_______ it. I could manage it myself.
A．needn’t do B．needn’t have done
C．mustn’t do D．shouldn’t have done
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