What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists（心理学家） say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol（酒精）. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive.”
David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees, “These are often celebratory riots(暴乱)— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly.”
Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”
Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them.’ ”
Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties.” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly.”
【小题1】Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 

What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists（心理学家） say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol（酒精）. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive.”

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees, “These are often celebratory riots(暴乱)— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly.”

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel that no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality.”

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it’s OK to do almost anything. They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them.’ ”

Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties.” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. “When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly.”

1.Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 

A．There’s a connection between violence and sports

B．There are many reasons for violence at sports events.

C．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol.

D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.

2.Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

A．“ No one knows I’m doing this.”

B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing.”

C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them.”

D．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy.”

3.How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

A．Five.             B．Four.             C．Three.            D．Two.

4.The last paragraph is mainly about ______.

A．how to turn games into big parties

B．how to prevent violence at sports events

C．why to fix cameras in stadiums

D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly

5.What lesson can we learn from this passage?

A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are.

B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet.

C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something.

D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there.

What is the connection between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events. One is alcohol. Many fans drink a lot at games. When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things. Psychologist Dennis Brock says, "Quiet people become loud. Normally nonviolent people become destructive."

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, agrees, "These are often celebratory riots -- a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol. They don't often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly."

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd itself. When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility. Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone. People in crowds feel anonymous--no one knows who they are. Crowds also make people feel powerful. They stop making personal decisions. They just follow the crowd. Social psychologists call this a "mob mentality."

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety at Northern Iowa University says, "Some people don't even come to celebrate. They want to drink hard and make trouble. Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there. You get a mob mentality. People think it's OK to do almost anything. There are so many of us and not enough of them."

Social psychologist Dr. Sharon Kennedy says that there are a few things officials can do to prevent violence. Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important. Officials should also think of games as “big parties.” Then they will prepare differently. Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums. "When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly."

71．Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

A．There's a connection between violence and sports.

B．There are many reasons for violence at sports events.

C．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol.

D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion.

72．Which of the following does NOT belong to a "mob mentality"?

A．"No one knows I'm doing this."

B．"It's safe to do what many people are doing."

C．"There are so many of us and not enough of them."

D．"I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy."

73．How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

A．Five.                   B．Four.                   C．Three.                 D．Two.

74．The last paragraph is mainly about

A．how to turn games into big parties        B．how to prevent violence at sports events

C．why to install cameras in stadiums        D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly

75．What lesson can we learn from this passage?

A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are.

B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet.

C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something.

D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there.

What is the relationship between violence and sports? Psychologists say that there are many reasons for violence at sports events．One is alcohol．Many fans drink a lot at games．When people drink, they are more likely to do abnormal things．Psychologist Dennis Brock says, “Quiet people become loud．Normally nonviolent people become destructive．”

David Sampson, a sports sociologist, says, “These are often celebratory riots— a large number of very happy people mixed in with large amounts of alcohol．They don’t often seem dangerous in the beginning, but things get violent quickly．”

Another reason for violence at sports events is the crowd．When individuals are in a large group of people, they can lose their sense of personal responsibility．Edward Hirt, a social Psychologist, says that research shows that people do things in crowds that they would never do alone．People in crowds feel anonymous — no one knows who they are．Crowds also make people feel powerful．They stop making personal decisions．They just follow the crowd．Social psychologists call this a “mob mentality．”

Dave Zarifis, head of public safety says, “Some people don’t even come to celebrate．They want to drink hard and make trouble．Someone does something stupid, and it grows from there．You get a mob mentality．People think it’s OK to do almost anything．They think, ‘There are so many of us and not enough of them．’ ”

       Social psychologist Dr．Sharon Kennedy says that there are some things officials can do to prevent violence．Making sure that an area is not overcrowded is very important．Officials should also think of games as “big parties．” Then they will prepare differently．Kennedy says that in Great Britain they are controlling the problem with cameras in all the stadiums．“When you know someone is watching, you are much less likely to behave badly．”

1．Which of the following best gives the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

       A．There’s a connection between violence and sports

       B．One cause of violence at sports events is alcohol．

       C．There are many reasons for violence at sports events．

       D．David Sampson and Dennis Brock have the same opinion．

2．Which of the following does NOT belong to a “mob mentality”?

       A．“I must drink some alcohol to stop myself feeling shy．”

       B．“ It’s safe to do what many people are doing．”

       C．“There are so many of us and not enough of them．”

       D．“ No one knows I’m doing this．”

3．How many experts are quoted by the writer of this passage?

       A．Two．                B．Four．                  C．Three．           D．Five．

4．The last paragraph is mainly about ______．

       A．how to turn games into big parties

       B．why to install cameras in stadiums

       C．how to prevent violence at sports events

       D．how to avoid oneself behaving badly

5．What lesson can we learn from this passage?

       A．Never drink any alcohol no matter where you are．

       B．Whenever you are watching a game, you should keep quiet．

       C．Never follow blindly no matter how many people are doing something．

       D．Be careful when you are at a stadium because there are cameras there．

B

Solar energy for your home is coming. It can help you as a single home owner. It can help the whole country as well. Whether or not solar energy can save your money depends on many things. Where you live is one factor and the type of home you have is another. Things like insulation (绝缘材料), present energy costs, and the type of system you buy are added factors.

    Using solar energy can help save our precious fuel. As you know, our supplies of oil and gas are very limited. There is just not enough on hand to meet all our future energy needs. Sooner or later Mother Nature will say that’s all. The only way we can delay hearing those words is by starting to save energy now and by using other sources, like the sun.

    We won’t have to worry about the sun’s running out of energy for another several billion years or so. Besides, the sun doesn’t offer as many problems as other energy sources. For example, fossil fuel(矿物燃料) adds to already high pollution levels. With solar energy, we will still need sources of energy, but we won’t need as much. That means we can cut down on our pollution problems.

With all these good points, why don’t we use more solar power? There are many reasons for this. The biggest reason is money. Until now, it was just not practical for a home owner to put in a solar unit. There were cheaper sources of energy.

    All that is changing now. Solar costs are starting to equal the costs of oil and electricity. Experts say that gas, oil and electricity prices will continue to rise. The demand for electricity is increasing rapidly. But new power plants will use more gas, oil or coal. Already in some places the supply of electricity is being rationed (限量供应). Solar energy is now in its infancy (初期). It could soon grow to become a major part of our nation’s energy supply.

31. What’s this passage mainly about? 

    A. Something about solar energy and pollution.   B. Solar energy. 

    C. Energy and pollution.    D. Energy and money.

32. Solar energy can help us _____.

   A. escape punishment from nature   B. become home owners 

    C. get rid of present energy         D. save our precious fuel

33. The sun is an endless source of energy, and it will not run out of energy for _____.

    A. several million years   B. several hundred years

    C. several billion years   D. several thousand years

34. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 

    A. Energy from coal would not pollute our living environment.

    B. Energy from natural gas would not pollute our living environment.

C. Energy from the sun would not pollute our living environment.

    D. Energy from oil would not pollute our living environment.

35. Solar energy is now in its infancy, _____.

    A. but in the future it will become an important part of our nation’s energy supply

    B. so we will build more power plants 

    C. and the supply of electricity will be rationed throughout the country

    D. so we don’t need it