Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions.』① To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

　　The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

　　The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

　　Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

8. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　 A. All international managers can learn culture.

　 B. Business diversity is not necessary.

　 C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

　 Ｄ. Most people do not know foreign culture well.

9. According to the author, the model of Pepsi .

　Ａ. is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around

　Ｂ. is different from the model of McDonald’s

　Ｃ. shows the reverse of globalization

　Ｄ. has converged cultural differences

10. The two schools of thought .

　　Ａ. both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures

　　Ｂ. both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

　　Ｃ. admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

　　Ｄ. Both Ａ and Ｂ

11. This article is supposed to be most useful for those .

　　A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

　  B. who have connections to more than one type of culture

　　C. who want to travel abroad

　　D. who want to run business on International Scale

12. According to Fortune, successful international companies .

　  Ａ. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

　  Ｂ. all have the quality of patience

　  Ｃ. will follow the overseas local cultures

　　Ｄ. adopt the policy of internationalization

A passenger told an air hostess that he needed a cup of water to take his medicine when the plane just took off. She told him that she would 　 1　 him the water in ten minutes.

Thirty minutes later, when the passenger’s ring for 　2 sounded, the air hostess realized it at once. She was kept so 　 3 that she forgot to deliver him the 　4 . As a result, the passenger was held up (延误) to take his medicine. She hurried over to him 　5 a cup of water, but he 　6 it.

In the following hours on the flight, each time the stewardess? passed by the 　 7　 , she would ask him with a 　8 whether he needed help or not. But the passenger never paid attention to her.

When he was going to get 　 9 　 the plane, the passenger asked the air hostess? to 　___10___ him the passengers?’ booklet(意见簿). She was very 　 11　 . She knew that he would write down sharp words, 　___12___ with a smile she handed it to him.

Off the plane, she 　13 the booklet, and cracked a smile, 　14 the passenger put it, “On the flight, you asked me whether I need help or not for twelve times 　15 . How can I refuse your twelve sincere smiles?”

That’s right! Who can refuse your twelve sincere smiles from a person?

1. A. take　 　　　　 B．bring　 　　　　　　　　 C．carry　　 　　　　　 D．hold

2. A. food　 　　　　 B．drink　 　　　　　　　 C．service　 　　　　　 D．medicine

3. A. tired　 　　　　 B．silent　 　　　　　　　　 C．calm　　 　　　　　 D．busy

4. A. water　 　　　　 B．help　　 　　　　　　　 C．milk　　 　　　　　 D．warning

5. A. for　 　　　　　 B．about　 　　　　　　　 C．with　　 　　　　　 D．in

6. A. refused　 　　 B．accepted 　　　　　　 C．liked　 　　　　　　　 D．hated

7. A. customer　 　 B．passenger　　 　　　 C．guest　　 　　　　　 D．visitor

8. A. glance 　　　　 B．look 　　　　　　　　　　 C．smile 　　　　　　　　 D．cry

9. A. on　 　　　　　 B．to　 　　　　　　　　　　 C．off　 　　　　　　　　 D．from

10. A. hand　 　　　 B．take　 　　　　　　　　 C．throw　　 　　　　 D．lend

11. A. glad　 　　　　 B．angry　　 　　　　　　 C．curious　　 　　　 D．sad

12. A. So　 　　　　 B．Because　 　　　　　 C．And　　 　　　　　 D．But

13. A. hid　 　　　　 B．tore　 　　　　　　　　 C．opened　 　　　　　 D．closed

14. A. if　 　　　　　 B．for　 　　　　　　　　　 C．after　 　　　　　　 D．when

15. A. in all　 　　　　 B．above all　　 　　　　 C．or else　　 　　　 D．or so

The human body is a living machine ,and, like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. This is provided by the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy?

The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1℃.The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart below shows. Also, the number of calories you use at any moment normally depends on the activity you are in. For example, you need more calories for standing than for sitting, more for running than for walking, and so on.

The energy in food is mainly in the form of three kinds of chemical materials—carbohydrate（糖类）,protein and fat. Carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm（calories per gram） of energy, protein 4.0 Cal/gm and fat 8.8 Cal/gm. Each food contains different amounts of these materials, as the second chart shows.

Chart Ⅰ

Chart Ⅱ

1.____ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water from 35 ℃ to 90 ℃?

A.55　　　　　　　　 B.175　　　　　　 C.325　　　　　　 D.275

2.If you lack for calories to support your running activities you’d better take more ____.

A. milk　　　　　　 B. peanuts C. rice　　　　　　 D. milk and rice

3.We may learn from the charts that ____.

A. a child aged eight requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does

B. a boy aged sixteen requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged eight does

C. a mother with a baby to feed uses up more calories than a hard-working farmer each day

D. an old man needs less calories than an 8-year-old boy on account of his less movement

4.Which of the following statements agrees with the passage and the charts above?

A. You need more calories for swimming that for mountain climbing.

B. If you take an equal amount of Vitamin containing the calories you need, you don’t need to eat any food at all.

C. Different people need different amounts of energy depending on their age, sex and the activities they are in.

D.3 grams of milk provides 16.6 calories because carbohydrate provides 3.8 Cal/gm, protein 4.0 Cal/gm, and fat 8.8 Cal/gm.