阅读下面短文，从A、B、C对四个选项中选出最佳选项。

　　In history，a real cowboy was a simple farm worker on horseback．He spent a long time a day outdoors working with cows ．The work was dirty，tiring and not very well paid．

　　People in the western。states had to 　1　 cattle at low cost and send them by railway to the eastern 　2　 ．But someone had to 　3　 the cattle and get them to the nearest railroad．This was the job of a cowboy．Sometimes the 　4　 was more than a thousand Kilometers away and it could take as 　5　 as six months to move the cattle．The　6　 was long but the cattle were driven 　7　 as not to lose 　8　．Then they could be sold at a good price．

　　Most cowboys were young，　9　 men．A good horse 　10　 their job of moving cattle much easier．A good cowboy 　11　 cows and knew how to control them．At night，he 　12　 to the cows to keep them calm．

　　In the late 1800s，America was changing from a nation of farm to one of 　13　 and cities．The cowboy seemed 　14　 compared with other Americans doing ordinary jobs．

　　Today，the 　15　 of cowboys has 　16　 greatly．One change is the use of trucks．

　　The job is not so hard 　17　 it used to be．And cowboys are better 　18　 now．They are 　19　 to be married．Some of them are farmers teachers or truck drivers．Some work for big companies．　20　 at night and on weekends，they become cowboys．These part-time cowboys increase the total production of meat，keeping the beef price low．

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　 In eighteen seventy-seven, the American government decided to move the Nez Perce Indians from their land. The government had set up a reservation for them in Idaho. Chief Joseph did not want to leave the land.It was holy ground. It contained the bones of his father and mother.

　 But,like his f'ather in earlier times, Chief Joseph knew it would be hopeless to stay and defend the land. There were too few Indians to win a war against the white men.

　 And so in June of eighteen seventy-seven, the Nez Perce left their home in the Wallowa Vall ey. They left quickly. They were able to take only a small part of what they owned. and just a few cattle and Appaloosa horses.

　 When the Indians reached the Snake River, the water was very deep and ran very fast with melted snow from the mountains. Chief Joseph and his people made boats from sticks and dried animal skins to cross the river. While the Indians were busy, a group of white men came and stole some of the cattle waiting at the edge of the river.

　 The other chiefs demanded that Joseph call a meeting. Two of the chiefs. White Bird and Toohoolhoolzote. spoke for War. but Joseph held different opinion.

　 Some of the young men in White Bird's group were very angry. That night, they rode into the countryside and killed eleven white persons.

　 During all his years as chief, Joseph had tried to keep the peace. Now he saw there was no hope. Although he and his young men had taken no part in the killings, he knew that the white men would blame all of the Indians. Chief Joseph said, "I would have given my own life if I could have undone the killing of the white men."

　 Many Nez Perce fled. Chief Joseph remained, because his wife was about to have a baby. After she gave birth. he and his family joined the others in White Bird Canyon to the south.

　 Joseph wanted to Lead the people to safety in the flat lands of Montana. But the UnitedStates army quickly sent horse soldiers to follow them.

　 They were extremely tired when they reached White Bird Canyon. An Indian-carrying a white flag-walked forward to meet them. A soldier shot him.

With that shot. war between the Nez Perce and the United States began.

56. Why didn't Chief Joseph want to leave the land?

　 A. He thought the reservation in Idaho wasn't satisfying.

　 B. He didn't want to be separated from his parents.

　 C. He had special feeling for the land where he was living.

　 D. He didn't want to live with the white men.

57. Which of the following is TRUE?

　 A. Before they left their home, the Nez Perce had only a few cattle and Appaloosa horses.

B. Chief Joseph and his people were unwilling to cross the deep river

C. When the Indians reached the Snake River, it was very hard for them to cross it.

　 D. While the Indians were waiting by the river, a group of white men stole some of the cattle.

58. From the passage we can infer that____________.

　 A. chief Joseph knew it would be hopeless to defend the land

　 B. white men often killed some Indians

　 C. chief Joseph was afraid of white men

　 D. conflicts often happened between the Indians and the white

59. After some of the young men in White Bird's group killed eleven white persons,__________.

　 A. Chief Joseph blamed White Bird

　 B. Chief Joseph tried his best to keep peace

　 C. All the Nez Perce fled

　 D. The United States army wanted to revenge (报仇)

60. What might be the title of the passage?

　 A. The story of Chief Joseph.

　 B. The American Civil War.

　 C. Chief Joseph and his children.

　 D. The Nez Perce Indians.

　　　　　　　　　　

阅读理解

　　将标有AF的段落插入文章中标号为69的合适的位置，使这篇文章意义完整，结构连贯；其中有一个段落是多余的。

　　The cowboys who lived in the United States of America，before there were good roads or big modern cities，used to live on the huge spaces of grassland called ranges，because that was where the cows that they looked after could find plenty of grass and water．　1　

　　In the early days it was a hard job getting the cows to the markets where they were killed．It was no good killing them on the range because there were no lorries or railways to carry the meat．　2　

　　On the trail the leader was the trail boss，who told the men which jobs to do．He decided where they should camp at night．

　　Hundreds or maybe thousands of cattle were taken on the trail．　3　

　　Of course，the chuck wagon went too．“ Chuck was a cowboy name for food，and so the chuck wagon was where the cook did his work and carried his stores of food．The tail board of the wagon made a good shelf，as the back part of the wagon could open outwards so it served very well as a shelf．The cook was able to feed the cowboys，but the cattle had to find their own food on the trail．They ate as they moved along．

　　　4　 The cowboys worked very hard and had little time to play When they were resting on the trail they would play cards，tell stories，sing cowboy songs and mend their equipment．

　　　5　 The cattle will also arrive fresh and fat when they arrive at the place whereas they would have become tired and thin if they had been taken on the trail．

A．The cattle had to be driven along in a large herd to the towns where they were needed．The places with lots of people who needed meat were often hundreds or thousands of miles away from the ranges．The cattle were rounded up，and those to be sent away were kept together．

B．It was a long，slow job，and the herd covered only about fifteen or twenty miles each day．This meant that the journey to market took many weeks．All this time the cowboy worked in the saddle and slept on the hard ground．They began work the sun rose and they were on their horses for many hours day after day．

C．Because of the danger of the stampede（惊跑），the trail boss and his men did everything they could to keep the cattle quiet．During the day the herd was moved along at a slow，steady pace．At night when most of the men were asleep，a gang of cowboys would ride round and round the herd，singing and whistling softly．This was to let the cows know that everything was all right．

D．But when the time came to sell the cows，there were no buyers on the range-they had to be taken into market．

E．The herd was not made to move too quickly-if they rushed along they would get thin and not be worth much at the market．Some cowboys rode beside them，some in front and others at the back．Cows which moved too slowly were hurried along．Cows which tried to get away were made to go back to the herd．

F．When railways were built there were no need to take cattle on the trail．Instead they were put into railway cars and taken quickly to the markets．Today a fast cattle train will take only a few hours to do a journey which once took the cowboys and their herds many days or weeks．

Have you ever heard of Paynes prairie? It is one of the most important natural and historical areas in Florida. Paynes Prairie is located near Gainesville. It is large, 21,000 acres. This protected land is called a preserve. The Florida Park Service manage the preserve.

　　The Paynes Prairie basin was formed when limestone dissolved and the ground settled. It is covered by marsh（沼泽）and wet prairie vegetation. There are areas of open water. During brief periods it has flooded enough to be considered a lake. Except for that, the basin has changed little through time.

　　Man has lived on Paynes Prairie a very long time. He lived there as far back as 10,000 B. C. At one time, the Seminoles lived there. The prairie is thought to have been named after King Payne, a Seminole chief. During the late 1600s, the largest cattle ranch in Florida was on Paynes Prairie. Today, Paynes Prairie is preserved land . It is occupied by visitors and Florida Park Service employees.

　　Willam Bartram visited Paynes Praire. Bartram was the first person who portrayed （described）nature through personal experience as well as scientific observation. He lived 200 years ago. He visited Paynes Prairie in 1774. At that time he described it. He called Paynes Prairie the "great Alachua Savannah."

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　　Most of the animal life, which Bartram described, is still here. A large number of sandhill cranes, hawks and waterfowl are here in winter. The animal diversity is increased by the presence of pine flatwoods, hammock, swamps and ponds.

　　The Paynes Prairie Preserve State Park is open year round. The Florida Park Service works hard so that the park will appear as it did in the past. It offers many opportunities for recreation. At the park you can camp and picnic. You can hike and bike. You can boat and fish. You can ride on horse trails. And you can see lots of nature and wildlife. You can see Florida as it was in the early days.

　　Paynes Prairie is part of our Florida history. It is an example of our Florida natural resources. It is a place for recreation. Paynes Prairie is an important experience of the Real Florida.

1．How was the Paynes Prairie basin formed?

　　A．By the Seminole Indians.

　　B．By the Florida Park Service.

　　C．From dissolved limestone and the ground settling.

　　D．From lots of flooding and wet prairie vegetation.

2．The underlined word "diversity" means “             .”

A．variety           B．society            C．population         D．area

3．All of the following are true EXCEPT that __.

　　A．Paynes Prairie has changed little through time

　　B．Paynes Prairie is covered by wet prairie vegetation

　　C．there used to be a big cattle farm on Paynes Prairie

　　D．William Bartram was the first person~ to visit Paynes Prairie

4．The purpose of the passage is to         .

　　A．call on people to protect wildlife

　　B．attract people to this preserved park

　　C．show you the formation of Paynes Prairie

　　D．introduce the recorded history of Paynes Prairie