For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples. Apples, which are about 85 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas (地区). Among the leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States.

There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale. The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, golden Delicious, and McIntosh.

　　Apples are different in colour, size, and taste. The colour of the skin may be red, green, or yellow. They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest. The taste may be sweet or tart (酸的). Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce (苹果酱).

　　Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve meters. They do best in areas that have very cold winters. Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree.

1.It can be learned from the text that Delicious apples are __________

　 A. grown in France.　　   B. sold everywhere.

　 C. very big.　　　　　　  D. quite sweet.

2.Cold winter weather is good for ___________

　 A.the growth of apple trees.

　 B. producing large apples.

　 C. improving the taste of apples.

　 D. the increase of water in apples.

3.China, France and the United States are considered to _______________

　A. be large producers of apples.

　B. be large producers of applesauce.

　C. have the longest history in apple production.

　D. have the coldest winter among apple producing countries.

4.The word yielded in the last sentence means _______________

A.improved.　          B. increased.　 C.produced.　     D. sold.

　　I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most   1   and tiring games I've ever had. When Ed first phoned and   2   we play. I laughed quietly, figuring on an   3   victory all. Ed's idea of   4   has always been nothing more   5   than lifting a fork to his mouth,   6   I can remember, Ed's been the least physically fit member in the family, and   7    proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often   8   about that I'd refused to buy a   9   T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed  10   for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly  11   , I was so surprised that I was   12   . My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.   13   , at the point in our game when I'd have predicted (预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was   14   7 to 9 and Ed was  15   . The sudden realization was painful. We   16   to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up. I was having serious   17   about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone    18   that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to   19   . In a way, I think we both won. I the game, but cousin Ed my  20

1. A. encouraging　　　　　　　　 B. hopeless　　　　　　　　   C. surprising　　　　　　　　 D. regular

2. A. declared　　　　　　　　　　   B. mentioned　　　　 C. persuaded　　　　　　　　 D. suggested

3. A. unforgettable　　　　　　    B. unexpected　　　　　　   C. easy　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. early

4. A. exercise  　　　　　　　　　　 B. preparation　　　　　　   C. joy　　　　　　　　　　　　   D. fitness

5. A. time-saving　　　　　　　　  B. comfortable　　　　　　　　　　 C. suitable　　　　　　　　    D. effort-making

6. A. As soon as　　　　　　　　   B. As long as　　　　　　　　 C. When　　　　　　 D. Since

7. A. strangely　　　　　　　　　　  B. personally　　　　　　　　 C. reasonably　　　　　　    D. eagerly

8. A. cared　　　　　　　　　　　　   B. forgot　　　　　　　　　　  C. quarreled　　　　　　　　  D. joked

9. A. clean　　　　　　　　　　　　   B. larger　　　　　　　　　　   C. straight　　　　　　　　    D. darker

10. A. set out　　　　　　　　　　   B. got ready　　　　　　　　  C. arrived　　　　　　　　　　　　    D. returned

11. A. notice　　　　　　　　　　    B. admire　　　　　　　　　　  C. believe　　　　　　　　　　 D. measure

12. A. nervous　　　　　　　　　　　　    B. curious　　　　　　　　　　 C. careless　　　　　　　　    D. speechless

13. A. After all　　　　　　　　　　  B. As a result　　　　　　    C. Above all　　　　　　　　  D. At last

14. A. mistakenly　　　　　　　　  B. then　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. instead　　　　　　　　　　　　    D. naturally

15. A. leading　　　　　　　　　　   B. coming　　　　　　　　　　 C. waiting　　　　　　　　　　 D. counting

16. A. pretended　　　　　　　　   B. stopped　　　　　　　　    C. continued　　　　　　　　 D. decided

17. A. thoughts　　　　　　　　    B. doubts　　　　　　　　　　  C. situations　　　　　　　　  D. problems

18. A. scoring　　　　　　　　　　  B. completing　　　　　　    C. receiving　　　　　　　　  D. keeping

19. A. play　　　　　　　　　　　　   B. start　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. sleep　　　　　　　　　　    D. move

20. A. friendship　　　　　　　　   B. respect　　　　　　　　　　 C. support　　　　    D. favor

The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of
bread was offered to dieters (节食者) with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic (适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.
　　On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.
　　Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.
56. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.
　 A. stressing their high quality
　 B. convincing him of their low price
　 C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
　 D. appealing to his buying motives
57. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.
　 A. thin slices of bread could contain more calories
　 B. the loaf was cut into regular slices
　 C. the bread was not genuine bread
　 D. the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same
58. The passage tells us that _______.
　 A. sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needs
　 B. advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t need
　 C. the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisements
　 D. fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment
59. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should ________.
　 A. think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisements
　 B. guard against the deceiving nature of advertisements
　 C. be familiar with various advertising strategies
　 D. avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal
60. The passage is mainly about ________.
　 A. how to make a wise buying decision
　 B. ways to protect the interests of the consumer
　 C. the positive and negative aspects of advertising
　 D. the function of advertisements in promoting sales

 _____ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.

It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.

　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.

　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.

　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

1.By “a one-way street” in Paragraph One, the author means ________.

　 A. university researchers know little about the commercial world

　 B. there is little exchange between industry and academia

　 C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

　 D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research

2.The underlined word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that ________.

　 A. keeps someone from taking action      B. helps to move the traffic

C. attracts people’s attention              D. brings someone a financial burden

3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A. Flexible work hours.                        

B. Her research interests.

C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.

4. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

　 A. do financially more rewarding work

　 B. raise his status in the academic world

　 C. enrich his experience in medical research

　 D. exploit better intellectual opportunities

5.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

　 A. Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

　 B. Develop its students’ potential in research.

　 C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D. Gear its research towards practical applications.