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根据短文内容，从下边的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一些为多余项。

A. Drug overuse and its consequence B. The problem of drug overuse in America C. Benefits of medicine and its wise use D Female drug overuse with reference to that of males E Misuse of medicine among the young generation F. Improper use of medicine among senior citizens

             

   Nowadays. millions of people misuse and even overuse pain medications and other drugs. Research by the American National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA, 1999) shows that around 2% of the population over age 12 were using drugs non-medically.

NIDA views medications as a powerful force for good in the contemporary world. They reduce and remove pain for millions of people suffering from illness and disease. They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives. Many people afflicted by serious medical conditions are able to control their symptoms and become active, contributing citizens. NIDA points out that most individuals who take these drugs use them in a responsible.

  

Nevertheless, overuse of drugs such as opioids, central nervous system (CNS) depressants and stimulants does lead to harmful reliance in some people and is therefore becoming a serious public health concern. Although this abuse affects many people worldwide, particular trends of concern to the medical profession in the US appear among older adults, teenagers arid women.

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   Though it may be a surprise to many, the misuse of medications may be the most common form of drug abuse among the elderly. Dr Kenneth Schrader of Duke University, North Carolina states that although the elderly represent about 13% of the US population, those aged 65 and over account for the consumption of one third of all drugs. People in this age group use medications roughly three times more than the general population and have poorer compliance with instruction for use. In another study of elderly patients admitted to treatment programs, 70% were women who had overused medicines.

     

Unfortunately, this trend among women does not only affect those aged over 65.  In general, among women and men who are using either an anti-anxiety drug or a sedative, women are twice as likely to become addicted. In addition, statistics compiled for 12-17 year olds show that teenage girls are more likely than teenage boys to begin overusing psychotherapeutic medication such as painkillers, tranquillizers, stimulants and sedatives.

If women are mercilessly exploited（剥削） year after year, they have only themselves to blame．Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．

       Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste．Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses．Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on．

       No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society．Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability （耐用）．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes．

       When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide．

Designers and big stores always make money_________．

       A．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry

       B．because they are capable of predicting new fashions

       C．by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothing

       D．because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing

To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as ___________．

       A．a waste of money   

       B．a waste of time

       C．an expression of taste  

       D．an expression of creativity

New fashions in clothing are created for ___________．

       A．the commercial exploitation of women                

       B．the women's strength of character

       C．basic qualities of inconstancy and instability             

       D．an important contribution to society

By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" （ Line One to Line Two, Paragraph Four）, the writer means that ___________．

       A．women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at

       B．women are better able to put up with discomfort

       C．men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers

       D．men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion

A caring mother is the single most important factor in preventing teenagers from abusing(滥用)drugs and alcohol，researchers said on Friday. An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to suffer from alcohol and drug problems，and a strong maternal bond is the most effective way to fight against them.

  “These findings suggest that living with both parents may prevent drug use．”said Dr.McArdle，of Newcastle University in northern England, who led the study. “They also suggest that attachment(感情眷念)，particularly to mothers，is a more effective factor and that this is truly across cultures and substances.” The report, which is published in the journal Addiction, involved nearly 4,000 teenagers in England，Ireland，Italy，Germany and the Netherlands. They were questioned about their use of several kinds of drugs and alcohol. The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents and grandparents, how well they were supervised(监护)after school and whether they were allowed to meet friends at home.

  “Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families have significant influences on youth drug use,” McArdle said in a statement. But he added that a strong maternal bond offered the greatest protection against developing drug habits. The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a good relationship with their mother was 16.6 percent. If either factor was missing, the drug abuse rate rose to 32 percent．More than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bond with their mother used drugs．

  Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about the danger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is dealing with the problem of their parents’ responsibility                            

The phrase“maternal bond” appears twice in this passage. Guess its meaning__________．

A.物质的奖励             B.母亲的约束             C．法律的制裁            D.学校的指导

According to McArdle,which is most likely to have the drug abuse problem_________?

A.16-year-old Tom from a happy big family             

B.17-year-old Kate supervised by her single mother．

C.18-year-old Juliet living with her single father．      

D.19-year-old Mark cared by his parents.

Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage__________?

A. Teenagers with both parents won’t have the drug use problem.

B. Teenagers from several countries filled in the questionnaire.

C. Teenagers were asked about their relationship with parents．

D. Teenagers in British schools are warned against drugs abuse.

The last paragraph suggests that________.

A. schools should answer for the drug problem             

B. television and media are to blame

C. parents and the society are responsible for the drug problem

D. mothers are the cause of youth drug use．

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external （外在的） result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, he student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.

By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or land mar along the way. The process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have, and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends；there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.

In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take rise, to face the unknown ,and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow. Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to adapt change or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge. Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.

These feelings of insecurity and self doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

In the author’s eye, one who views personal growth as a process would ______.

A. succeed in climbing up the social ladder  B. grow up from his own achievements

C. face difficulties and take up challenges   D. aim high and reach his goal each time

Which of the following can be viewed as the process of personal growing? 

A. Our manager was always willing to accept new challenges.

B. Jane won the first prize in the speech competition.

C. Jerry picked up French during his stay in Paris.

D. Father’s salary rose from 5000 to 7000.

For personal growth, the author is in favor of all the following EXCEPT ______.

A. being curious about more changes   B. having an open mind to new experiences

C. being quick in self-adaptation      D. staying away from failures and challenges

The best title for this passage should be ______. 

A. Facing New Challenges        B. Growth—Product or Process

C. Two Basic Ways of Growth     D. Overcoming Internal Fears

Directions： Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.

Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

The contemporary environmental movement is often said to have begun with the publication of Silent Spring by the zoologist and biologist Rachel Carson (1907–1964). This landmark work, which took Carson 4 years to complete, diligently detailed the relationship between animal death  and the use— now understood as the abuse—of man-made chemicals used as pesticides, especially DDT. One of the claims of the book that she tried to demonstrate was that DDT had the effect of softening the eggshells of birds as well as interfering with their reproduction, and that such effects would lead to their extinction if use of DDT were to continue. It would eventually create a springtime of silence when the songs of birds would not be heard. Her studies also found DDT to be a cause of human cancers.

Born in Springdale, Pennsylvania, Carson graduated from the Pennsylvania College for Women in Pittsburgh (now Chatham College), where she majored in English until her junior year, when a course in biology inspired her to switch to zoology as her field of concentration. She earned a master’s degree in this area from Johns Hopkins University and became a biologist at the Bureau of Fisheries in 1936. During this time, she wrote for various national magazines, and her first book, Under the Sea-Wind, was published. Carson had concerns as early as 1945 about pesticides being used more and more by the government. But her cautionary claims in Silent Spring were met with anger by the pesticide and chemical industries. Her authority as a scientist were challenged, and it was held that her findings were just the roars of a hysterical(歇斯底里的) woman. She was even accused of being a member of the Communist Party. Some go so far as to say that she told a lie .

But She is often celebrated as the founder of the contemporary U.S. environmental movement. Yet her work in Silent Spring, warning about the misuse of pesticides and other chemicals, has not as yet taken firm hold. Americans likely use twice as much the volume of pesticides that they did at the time she published her seminal work, and globally, their use is ever increasing. Powerful pesticides are sold over the counter, and their use is so widespread that many environmentalists are fearful that chemical runoff into streams and rivers is still popullting the animals that humans eat and the water that they drink.

In short, while the main purpose of Silent Spring was to warn the public of the dangers of the overuse of pesticides and chemicals, nonetheless the public hasn’t refused such use. Isn't it time that we firmly said no to pesticides?