Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. Factors that influence reactions to pollutants B. Possible sources of indoor air pollution C. Ways to identify diseases with similar symptoms D. Long-term effects after repeated exposure                             E. A commonly-ignored health threat F. Immediate symptoms and regular treatment

【小题1】Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health, but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects. Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 2-5 times, and occasionally more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90％ of their time indoors.
【小题2】There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home. These include combustion sources such as oil, gas, coal, wood, and tobacco products; building materials and furnishings as diverse as deteriorated asbestos-containing insulation, wet or damp carpet, and cabinetry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products; products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies; central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices; and outdoor sources such as radon, pesticides, and outdoor air pollution.
【小题3】Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures. These include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity and fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants.
【小题4】The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors. Age and pre-existing medical conditions are two important influences. In other cases, whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity, which varies tremendously from person to person. Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures, and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.
【小题5】Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases, so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place the symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from the home and return when the person returns, an effort should be made to identify indoor air sources that may be possible causes. 

Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A. Factors that influence reactions to pollutants

B. Possible sources of indoor air pollution

C. Ways to identify diseases with similar symptoms

D. Long-term effects after repeated exposure                            

E. A commonly-ignored health threat

F. Immediate symptoms and regular treatment

1.Most people are aware that outdoor air pollution can damage their health, but many do not know that indoor air pollution can also have significant health effects. Environmental Protection Agency studies indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 2-5 times, and occasionally more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. These levels of indoor air pollutants may be of particular concern because most people spend about 90％ of their time indoors.

2.There are many sources of indoor air pollution in any home. These include combustion sources such as oil, gas, coal, wood, and tobacco products; building materials and furnishings as diverse as deteriorated asbestos-containing insulation, wet or damp carpet, and cabinetry or furniture made of certain pressed wood products; products for household cleaning and maintenance, personal care, or hobbies; central heating and cooling systems and humidification devices; and outdoor sources such as radon, pesticides, and outdoor air pollution.

3.Immediate effects may show up after a single exposure or repeated exposures. These include irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Such immediate effects are usually short-term and treatable. Sometimes the treatment is simply eliminating the person's exposure to the source of the pollution, if it can be identified. Symptoms of some diseases, including asthma, hypersensitivity and fever, may also show up soon after exposure to some indoor air pollutants.

4.The likelihood of immediate reactions to indoor air pollutants depends on several factors. Age and pre-existing medical conditions are two important influences. In other cases, whether a person reacts to a pollutant depends on individual sensitivity, which varies tremendously from person to person. Some people can become sensitized to biological pollutants after repeated exposures, and it appears that some people can become sensitized to chemical pollutants as well.

5.Certain immediate effects are similar to those from colds or other viral diseases, so it is often difficult to determine if the symptoms are a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. For this reason, it is important to pay attention to the time and place the symptoms occur. If the symptoms fade or go away when a person is away from the home and return when the person returns, an effort should be made to identify indoor air sources that may be possible causes. 

 

Directions: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.

A.  Forecasting Research B.  Well-known Weather Forecasters C.  Severe Weather Events D.  Weather Forecasting E.  The Forecasting Process F.  Historical Background

【小题1】
The task of predicting the weather that will be observed at a future time is called weather forecasting.  As one of the primary objectives of the science of meteorology, weather forecasting has depended critically on the scientific and technological advances in meteorology that have taken place since the latter half of the 19^th century.
【小题2】
Throughout most of history, forecasting efforts at any given site depended solely on observations that could be made at the site.  With the development of the telegraph in the mid-1800s, weather forecasters were able to obtain observations from many distant locations within a few hours of the collection of such data.  Weather forecasting was revolutionized in the 1920s by the work of a group of Norwegian scientists.  This group provided a consistent and empirically based description of atmospheric circulation systems.  Current weather-forecasting techniques were initiated by the theoretical work of American meteorologist Jule Charney in developing numerical weather prediction.  Experimental numerical forecasts in 1950 proved so fruitful that they were soon adopted on a practical basis.  Since then, computerized systems based on numerical models have become a central part of weather forecasting.
【小题3】
The process of making a weather forecast can be separated into three steps: observation and analysis, extrapolation to find the future state of the atmosphere, and prediction of particular variables.  The standard extrapolation technique is to assume that weather features will continue to move as they have been moving.  In some cases the third step simply consists of noting the results of extrapolation, but actual prediction usually involves considerable efforts beyond this. 
【小题4】
Great attention is paid to weather forecasts during times of severe events (blizzard, hurricane and typhoon, tornado), and so forth.  Accordingly, the National Weather Service (NWS) commits significant resources to the forecast of such events.  Blizzards or strong extra-tropical cycles are handled through the usual forecast information channels, with the local NWS office issuing special advisories as appropriate.
【小题5】
A number of new observing systems are being developed for forecasting purposes.  These include the Next-Generation Radar digital weather radar, which is intended to detect motions towards or away from the radar installation.  In addition, automated systems are being developed for taking observations at surface stations and on board buoys, ships, and aircraft.  The communications, processing, and display systems intended to govern this torrent of further data are still being elaborated.

It makes no difference what you read or study if you can't remember it. You just waste your valuable time．【小题1】  One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading．
Why does a clerk in a store go away when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you．I'm just looking.”? Both you and she know that if you aren't sure what you want, you are not likely to find it．But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you．I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please”
 【小题2】  If you choose a book, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing．But if you do know what you want, you are almost sure to get it．Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for” and “to find out how”．
 【小题3】  Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America”．Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better．
【小题4】  At least two important processes go on at the same time．As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to
yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author．
This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes．【小题5】  One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions．Facts can be checked by evidence, opinions are one’s own personalreactions．Another part of critical reading is judging sources．Still another part is drawing accurate inferences．

A．Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting．

B．It is important for students to have a positive attitude to their study．

C．You remember better when you know what you' re reading．

D．In other words, a good reader is a critical reader．

E. It’s quite the same with your studying．
F. Reading is not one single activity．
G. This is the way it works．

It makes no difference what you read or study if you can't remember it. You just waste your valuable time．1.  One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading．

Why does a clerk in a store go away when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you．I'm just looking.”? Both you and she know that if you aren't sure what you want, you are not likely to find it．But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you．I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please”

 2.  If you choose a book, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that--nothing．But if you do know what you want, you are almost sure to get it．Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for” and “to find out how”．

 3.  Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America”．Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better．

4.  At least two important processes go on at the same time．As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to

yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author．

This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes．5.  One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions．Facts can be checked by evidence, opinions are one’s own personalreactions．Another part of critical reading is judging sources．Still another part is drawing accurate inferences．

A．Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting．

B．It is important for students to have a positive attitude to their study．

C．You remember better when you know what you' re reading．

D．In other words, a good reader is a critical reader．

E. It’s quite the same with your studying．

F. Reading is not one single activity．

G. This is the way it works．