You may think that sailing is difficult, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.

　 First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail(帆).

　 Let’s start with the wind blowing from behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90° angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.

　 If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45° angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind. but it shouldn’t flap (摆动). It shouldn’t look like a flag on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.

　 Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.

64. What should you consider first while sailing?

　 A. Sailors’ strength.

　 B. Wave levels.

　 C. Wind directions.

　 D. Size of sails.

65. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?

　 A. The sail.

　 B. The wind.

　 C. The boat.

　 D. The angle.

66. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?

　 A. Move in a straight line.

　 B. Allow the sail to flap.

　 C. Lower the sail.

　 D. Tack the boat.

A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is dangerous.  

Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.  

Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections （反对）, whatever is scientifically possible will be done ――somewhere, sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it a fuels sense of  hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world.  

In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact （影响） on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.  

Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.  

　　72. What can we conclude from the recent study?

　　A. People think highly of science.

　　B. People hold mixed opinions about science.

　　C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.

　　D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.

　　73. According to the passage , what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?

　　A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.

　　B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.

　　C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.

　　D. People will work more actively to put science under control.

　　74. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_______

　　A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes

　　B. the ties between different areas need strengthening

　　C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science

　　D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

　　75. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.

　　B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.

　　C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.

D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.

 

 

 (09·重庆E篇)

A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”, This idea is dangerous.

　　Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.

　　Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere , sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world.

　　In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.

　　Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.

　　72. What can we conclude from the recent study?

　　A. People think highly of science.

　　B. People hold mixed opinions about science.

　　C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.

　　D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.

　　73. According to the passage , what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?

　　A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.

　　B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.

　　C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.

　　D. People will work more actively to put science under control.

　　74. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_______

　　A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes

　　B. the ties between different areas need strengthening

　　C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science

　　D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

　　75. What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.

　　B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.

　　C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.

D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.

Do Americans have morals? That’s a good question. Moral values in America are like those in any 　1 .

One of the most 2 moral values for Americans is honesty. The well-known 3 about George Washington and the cherry tree teaches this value 4 .Little George cut down his father’s favorite cherry tree 5 trying out his new hatchet. When his father asked him about it, George said, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my hatchet.” Instead of 6 ,George received praise. Sometimes American honesty-being open and direct-can 　7 people. But Americans still believe that “honesty is the best policy.”

Another 　8 Americans respect is perseverance(毅力）.Remember Aesop’s fable about the turtle and the rabbit that had a 　9 ?The rabbit thought he could 10 easily, so he took a nap. But the turtle finally won because he did not 　11 .

Compassion(同情）may be the queen of American virtues. The story of “The Good Samaritan” from the Bible 　12 a man who showed compassion. On his way to a 　13 city, a Samaritan man found a poor traveler lying on the road. The kind Samaritan, 　14 just passing by, stopped to help this person in need. Compassion can even turn into a positive 15 .In autumn 1992, people in Iowa sent truckloads of water to help Floridians 　16 by a hurricane. The next summer, during the Midwest flooding, Florida 　17 the favor.

In no way can this brief description 　18 all the moral values honored by Americans. Courage, responsibility, 　19 , gratitude and many others could be discussed. But no matter how long or how short the list, moral values are 　20 .

1．A．continent　　 B．character　 C．content　　 D．culture

2．A．lovely　　　 B．basic　　　 C．particular　 D．scientific

20080514

3．A．novel　　　　 B．joke　　　　 C．legend　　　 D．music

4．A．politely　　 B．clearly　　 C．easily　　　 D．slightly

5．A．while　　　　 B．for　　　　 C．whereas　　 D．as

6．A．agreement　　 B．punishment　 C．achievement D．argument

7．A．puzzle　　　 B．injure　　　 C．interrupt　 D．offend

8．A．person　　　 B．action　　　 C．virtue　　　 D．system

9．A．quarrel　　　 B．race　　　　 C．fight　　　 D．trip

10．A．win　　　　 B．fail　　　　 C．defeat　　　 D．beat

11．A．slow down　 B．come up　　 C．give up　　 D．fall off

12．A．describes　 B．praises　　 C．tells　　　 D．mentions

13．A．lonely　　　 B．alone　　　 C．certain　　 D．deserted

14．A．inspite of　 B．on account of　　　　　　　 C．as a result of D．instead of

15．A．row　　　　 B．circle　　　 C．movement　　 D．action

16．A．hurt　　　　 B．destroyed　 C．ruined　　　 D．hit

17．A．offered　　 B．returned　　 C．honored　　 D．reminded

18．A．cover　　　 B．respect　　 C．shape　　　 D．reflect

19．A．strength　　 B．silence　　 C．loyalty　　 D．reality

20．A．invaluable　 B．honorable　 C．unbelievable D．invisible

 

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highway crashes(撞毁).

　　Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 recent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形) , painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.

　　Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year , the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.

　　Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal (致命) traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will carry out its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (危险) are the greatest-curves(弯), exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.

　　Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars(水平障碍物) painted across roads can initially (最初) cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted hares.

　　Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are, but also make a lane(车道) appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

1．The passage mainly discusses ________ .

[　　]

A．a new way of highway speed control

B．a new pattern for painting highways

C．a new way to training drivers

D．a new type of optical illusion

2．On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________ .

[　　]

A．they should avoid speed-related hazards

B．they are driving in the wrong lane

C．they should slow down their speed

D．they are approaching coming near the speed limit

3．The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________ .

[　　]

A．can keep drivers awake

B．can cut road accidents in half

C．will have a longer effect on drivers

D．will look more attractive

4．The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________ .

[　　]

A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas

B．change the road signs across the country

C．replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons

D．repeat the Japanese road patterns

5．What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?

[　　]

A．They are falling out of use in the United States.

B．They tend to be ignored(忽视) by drivers in a short period of time.

C．They are used only on broad roads.

D．They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.