完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下列各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The human nose is an underestimated tool. Humans are often thought to be  1___ smellers compared with animals, but this is largely because, unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are  2 to detecting those smells which float through the air,  3  the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact though, we are extremely sensitive to smells, even if we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of  4 human smells even when these are  5  to far below one part in one million.
　　  6    , some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, while others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate  7    smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send  8   to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when  9    to it often enough.
　　The  10  for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it  11   to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can  12  new receptors if necessary. This may also explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells we simply do not need to be. We are not  13    of the usual smell of our own house but we  14    new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors _ 15   for unfamiliar and emergency signals such as the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.

At a primary school Manning， Carolina， second-grade teacher David Chadwell believed that segregating(隔离) elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement—in both genders. “Although this is a tendency， we can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.”

“They see differently. Literally，” he begins. Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way， he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it attuned(协调) to motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space，” he says. “The teacher should move around the room constantly and be that object.”

The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver， blue， black， grey， and brown. It’s no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects like spaceships， cars， and trucks in dark colors instead of drawing the happy colorful family， like girls in their class.

The female eye， on the other hand， is drawn to textures and colors. It’s also oriented toward warmer colors—reds， yellows， oranges—and visuals with more details， like faces. To engage girls， Chadwell says， the teacher doesn’t need to move as much， if at all. Girls work well in circles， facing each other. Using descriptive phrases and lots of color in overhead presentations or on the chalkboard gets their attention.

Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone， girls interpret it as yelling，” Chadwell says. “They think you’re mad and can shut down.” Girls have a more finely tuned aural structure； they can hear higher frequencies than boys and are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls’ teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys’ teachers should sound matter of fact， even excited.

A boy’s autonomic nervous system causes them to be more alert when they’re standing， moving， and the room temperature is around 69 degrees. Stress in boys， he says， tends to increase blood flow to their brains， a process that helps them stay focused. This won’t work for girls， who are more focused seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees. Girls also respond to stress differently. When they are exposed to threat and confrontation， blood goes to their guts(内脏)， leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.

“Boys will rise to a risk and tend to overestimate their abilities，” he says. “Teachers can help them by getting them to be more realistic about results. Girls at this age shy away from risk， which is exactly why lots of girls’ programs began in the private sector. Teachers can help them learn to take risks in an atmosphere where they feel confident about doing so.”

Title：  Primary students learn 　　　　　

David’s belief ,Once we segregate elementary-age students， they will have the   tendency  to learn　　　　　. Differences between boys and girls, Sight ,Boys’ eyes are sensitive to . 　　　　　　　　　　 and are drawn to cooler colors.

It is textures and   　　　　　　　 of objects that   attract   girls. Hearing ,Comparatively speaking， girls can hear 　　　　　　 and are more sensitive to sounds. They would interpret a loud tone as 　　　.Nervous system, Stress in boys tends to increase blood flow to their　　　， which helps them  keep 　　　　. Boys often overestimate their abilities and are brave in face of the risk. 

When girls are exposed to 　　　　　　　　　　　　， blood goes to their guts， leaving them feeling　　　　　　　　. Girls at this age in many cases will shyly avoid  dealing with risk. SECTION B (10 marks)

Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just__50__ and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. __51__ ,denying the existence of conflict results in couples _52___ to solve their problems at early__53__ ,which can then lead to even greater problems later on .Not surprisingly, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的)satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior _54___ increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working through conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction.
　　So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person’s point of view__55__ put yourself in his of her place. People who are _56___ to what their partner thinks and feels _57___ greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships  58____ marriages, those who can adopt their partner’s perspective show more positive emotions, more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses _59___ conflict.
　　Second, because conflict and disagreements are an __60__ part of close relationships，people need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and __61__ forgiveness from their partners for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line with this view, spouses（配偶） who are more forgiving show higher mental quality over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have _62___ health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful __63__ and grudges(怨恨)，they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including __64__  heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.

A qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing. He once said: “Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover.” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modern short story.

When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.

As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less. Chekhov’s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference(冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events. In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.

Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia. Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.

It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov’s stories and plays. He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters. Chekhov’s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感) of an artist.

Some of Chekhov's works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s. One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell, about a school teacher’s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ________.

A. had a lawful lover                          B. was an illegal writer

C. used to be a lawyer                         D. was a competent doctor

In 1880, Chekhov ________.

A. became a full-time writer 

B. studied medicine in Moscow University

C. practiced medicine in his hometown

D. published his most memorable stories

Which of the following adjectives can’t be used to describe Chekhov?

A. Sensitive.                                            B. Cool.

C. Quick-minded.                                     D. Warm-hearted.

Which of the following is the right order of the events?

A. became a doctor                      B. became a full time writer

C. started to publish comic short stories     

D. wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.

e. entered the Moscow University Medical School

A. e→c→a→d→b                B. d→a→b→c→e               

C. e→c→b→a→d         　　D. a→e→c→b→d

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。

注意：每空格1个单词。

People say teenagers are no good. They make too much noise in shopping malls; they drive recklessly up and down America’s main streets; they carry chips on their shoulders as big as the Sears Tower. And at least some of the time those things are true. But we shouldn’t forget that there are hard moments in the life of a teenager too.

　　I watched such a moment not long ago at a woman’s funeral. I didn’t expect the event to affect me. Through much of the ceremony, in fact, I remained unmoved.

　　Then her teenage grandson stepped forward. With his very first deep breath, every heart in that church was achingly reminded of something we had all forgotten. Softly he began: “I want to share a few values that Nana taught me. She never failed to see light in any situation. When our family dog would literally attract her, what would Nana say? ‘Oh, what beautiful markings that dog has.’ That was Nana.

　　“She was a strong woman who often lived in the shadow of my grandpa, who was a successful businessman in this city. But she was the one behind the scenes who provided the strength and support for Grandpa’s career,” he said, with a voice now trembling. “That was Nana’s way.”

　　Through a muffled sob, he continued. “Whenever she did anything worth recognition, you’d have to hear about it from a different source, because she was never one to brag.”

　　Finally, in a voice breaking free of sorrow, he looked up and said, “Nana taught me courage. She put up an incredible fight to the end, when she died peacefully, which is how she lived her life. That was Nana’s way, and I hope I can carry on in the same manner.”

　　There are no hearts as sensitive as those of teenagers, because everything is happening to them for the first time. The trouble with teenagers is that they haven’t learned to be controlled.

　　When that boy rose to speak about the woman who surely had been his truest ally and dearest friend, his honest voice dragged each of us out into the open where we could no longer hide in the calm ritual. He exposed us to the truth about this very real woman who believed in a boy who probably tried the patience of many adults. He reminded us that his grandmother was more than another dot on the chart of life and death.

　　All over again we felt those powerful losses crisscrossing our own hearts, and we knew that when you say good-bye to a beloved grandparent, you say good-bye to something happy, something young in yourself. And that something never really returns, and the pain never really goes away.