In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week.

Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Criticism（批评） of the cuts has led in some places to efforts to give students more time for exercise, not less.

A study reported that life expectancy（寿命） has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity（肥胖）, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.

A study found that only four percent of elementary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.

Charlene Burgeson is the executive director of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. She says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school.

But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training.

Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.

1. . How many reasons have caused some Americans’ life expectancy to fall?

2.  The underlined part “that idea” (the last paragraph) refers to _______.

3. . From the passage we can infer that _______.

4. . The passage mainly tells us about _______.

In the United States, elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week.
Yet many schools across the country have reduced their physical education programs. Criticism（批评） of the cuts has led in some places to efforts to give students more time for exercise, not less.
A study reported that life expectancy（寿命） has fallen or is no longer increasing in some parts of the United States. The situation is worst among poor people in the southern states, and especially women. Public health researchers say it is largely the result of increases in obesity（肥胖）, smoking and high blood pressure. They also blame differences in health services around the country.
A study found that only four percent of elementary schools provided daily physical education all year for all grades. This was true of eight percent of middle schools and two percent of high schools. The study also found that twenty-two percent of all schools did not require students to take any P.E.
Charlene Burgeson is the executive director of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. She says one problem for P.E. teachers is that schools are under pressure to put more time into academic subjects. Also, parents may agree that children need exercise in school.
But experts say P.E. classes have changed. They say the goal has moved away from competition and toward personal performance, as a way to build a lifetime of activity. These days, teachers often lead activities like weight training.
Some parents like the idea of avoiding competitive sports in P.E. class. Yet others surely dislike that idea. In the end, schools may find themselves in a no-win situation.

1. 1.

   . How many reasons have caused some Americans’ life expectancy to fall?

   1. A.
      Three.
   2. B.
      Four.
   3. C.
      Five.
   4. D.
      Six.
2. 2.

    The underlined part “that idea” (the last paragraph) refers to _______.

   1. A.
      competitive sports
   2. B.
      a lifetime of activity
   3. C.
      no-win situation
   4. D.
      uncompetitive exercise
3. 3.

   . From the passage we can infer that _______.

   1. A.
      physically active children have more chances to be fit when growing up
   2. B.
      most American schools let students take physical activity enough
   3. C.
      the older a student is, the less exercise he gets
   4. D.
      not all parents think exercise is good for students
4. 4.

   . The passage mainly tells us about _______.

   1. A.
      school and students’ health
   2. B.
      how to make children healthy
   3. C.
      American schools’ physical education
   4. D.
      American students’ health

阅读理解

　　More than 6,000 children were expelled (开除) from US schools last year for bringing guns and bombs to school, the US Department of Education said on May 8.

　　The department gave a report on the expulsions(开除) as saying handguns accounted for 58 percent of the 6,093 expulsions in 1996～1997, against 7 percent for rifle (步枪) or shotguns and 35 percent for other types of firearms.

　　“The report is a clear sign that our nation’s public schools are cracking down (严惩) on students who bring guns to school,”Education Secretary Richard Riley said in a statement.“We need to be tough－minded about keeping guns out of our schools and do everything to keep our children safe.”

　　In March 1997, an 11-year-old boy and a 13-year-old boy using handguns and rifles shot dead four children and a teacher at a school in Jonesboro, Arkansas. In October, two were killed and seven wounded in a shooting at a Mississippi school. Two months later, a 14-year-old boy killed three high school students and wounded five in Daducah, Kentucky.

　　Most of the expulsions, 56 percent, were from high schools, which have students from about age 13.34 percent were from high schools and 9 percent were from elementary schools, the report said.

1．From the first paragraph we can infer that in the US schools ________.

[　　]

A．students enjoy shooting

B．students are eager to be soldiers

C．safety is problem

D．students can make guns

2．The report from the US Department of Education shows that ________.

[　　]

A．the number of the expulsions is not large

B．the number of the expulsions is wrong

C．there are soldiers hiding among the students

D．guns are out of controlling in US schools

3．The main idea of paragraph four shows us ________.

[　　]

A．some examples of shootings in US schools

B．the Americans’ feeling

C．some famous schools

D．that some teachers were killed by students

4．How many students were shot dead in 1997 in US schools?

[　　]

5．From this passage we know that ________.

[　　]

A．every American cannot have guns

B．only soldiers and police can have guns

C．every American citizen can own guns

D．teachers have no money to buy guns

More than 6000 children were expelled(开除) from US school last year for bringing guns and bombs to school, the US Department of Education said on May 8.
The department gave a report to the expulsions(开除) as saying handguns accounted for 58 percent of the 6093 expulsions in 1996---97, against 7 percent for rifles(步枪) or shotguns and 35 percent for other types of firearms.
“The report is a clear sign that our nation's public schools are cracking down(严惩) on students who bring guns to school,” Education Secretary Richard Riley said in a statement. “We need to be tough-minded about keeping guns out of our schools and do everything to keep our children safe.”
In March1997, an 11 years old boy and 13 years old boy using handguns and rifles shot dead four children and a teacher at a school in Jonesboro, Arkansas. In October, two were killed and seven wounded in a shooting at a Mississippi school. Two months later, a 14-year-old boy killed three high school students and wounded five in Dasucah, Kentucky.
Most of the expulsions, 56 percent, were from high school, which have students from about age 13. 34 percent were from junior high schools and 9 percent were from elementary schools, the report said.

1. 1.

   The main idea of the passage is that in the US schools _______.

   1. A.
      students enjoy shooting
   2. B.
      students are eager to be soldiers
   3. C.
      safety is a problem
   4. D.
      students can make guns
2. 2.

   From what Richard Riley said we can infer that ________.

   1. A.
      the number of the expulsions is not large
   2. B.
      the number of the expulsion is wrong
      
   3. C.
      there are soldiers hiding among the students
   4. D.
      guns are out of control in US schools
3. 3.

   The main idea of paragraph four shows us ______.

   1. A.
      some examples of shoot in US schools.
   2. B.
      the American's feeling.
   3. C.
      some famous schools.
   4. D.
      that some teachers were killed by students.
4. 4.

   From this passage we get to know that ________.

   1. A.
      every American cannot have guns
   2. B.
      only soldiers and police can have guns
   3. C.
      every American citizen can own guns
   4. D.
      teachers have no money to buy guns

First Lady Michelle Obama urged students to visit China at the "100,000 Strong" China Study Abroad forum at Howard University in 2011.
President Barack Obama announced the "100,000 Strong" Initiative （倡议） during his 2009 visit to China. The program aims to increase and diversify the number of American students studying in China by making studying abroad more affordable.
During the event at Howard, Mrs. Obama spoke about the importance of studying abroad, something she never did while in college. "Studying in countries like China is about so much more than just improving your own prospects（前景） in the global market. The fact is that with every friendship you make and every bond of trust you establish you are shaping an image of America projected to the rest of the world," she said.
David Marzban from Pepperdine University recalled a time when he formed a cross-cultural bond with a complete stranger at a restaurant near Fudan University in Shanghai. He noticed a young chef signaling him to come over. "He presses the play button on his media player and starts singing 'California Dreaming' and wants me to sing along with him," Marzban said. "At this time I knew a great friendship had started during my first two weeks in China."
Nicole Baden, a senior communications major at Howard University, recalled how her time in China really helped her master the language. "You have to experience the culture while learning the language to really master it and to understand why things are how they are compared to your own culture," Baden said.
Mrs. Obama encouraged students to set aside concept that studying abroad is for rich kids only or for those attending certain schools. In addition, the first lady announced that the Chinese government is giving 10,000 "Bridge Scholarships" to cover costs for American students and teachers studying in China.
Students from several schools attended the forum. 12-year-old Sarah Davis, who studied in China last summer, said she was very excited to hear Michelle Obama talk about the country. “I love Chinese. Out of all the languages I’ve learned, Chinese is the most difficult and interesting,” she said.
【小题1】The examples mentioned in the passage mainly indicate that _____.