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| Four Freedoms By Franklin Roosevelt In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world. The second is freedom of every person to worship (崇拜) God in his own way—everywhere in the world. The third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world. The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a worldwide reduction of armaments (武器) to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world. ... This nation has placed its fate in the hands，heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy (至高无上) of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. ... 1. We can infer that this passage is taken from a (an) _______ by Franklin Roosevelt. A. novel B. textbook C. report D. speech 2. The purpose of the author writing this passage is to ________. A. encourage people to build a new world based on four human freedoms B. make himself president of the USA C. make himself well-known for four human freedoms D. want the world understand the USA and help them build a strong country 3. In Franklin Roosevelt’s view, freedom means ________. A. a world founded upon four essential human rights B. every nation being a peaceful home for its people C. no nation committing physical aggression against other neighbors D. human rights being the most important everywhere |
in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity
that 
e past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity（强度）that shook America in 1988 claimed 25 000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes（抗震）.
Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints（蓝图）for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.
In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, which bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.
The mew smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
1. One reason why the loss of lives in the Log Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that_______.
A. new computers had been installed in the buildings
B. it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways
C. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
D. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
2. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to_______.
A. counterbalance（起平衡作用）an earthquake’s action on the building
B. predict（预测）the coming of an earthquake with accuracy
C. help strengthen the foundation of the building
D. measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations
3. The smart buildings discussed in the passage________.
A. would cause serious financial problems
B. would be worthwhile though expensive
C. would reduce the complexity of architectural design
D. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes
4. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing（使……最小）the damage caused by earthquakes, attention should be focused on_______.
A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction
B. the development of flexible building materials
C. the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations
D. early forecasts of earthquakes
5. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to_________.
A. compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S
B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers
C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials
D. report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings
After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll（死亡人数）could have been much worse.
More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity（强度）that shook America in 1988 claimed 25 000 victims.
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. on a holiday, when traffic was light on the city’s highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city’s buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes（抗震）.
Despite the good news, civil engineers aren’t resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints（蓝图）for improved quake-resistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater security to cities where earthquakes often take place.
In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, which bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake’s vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would force the building to shift in the opposite direction.
The mew smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.
1. One reason why the loss of lives in the Log Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that_______.
A. new computers had been installed in the buildings
B. it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways
C. large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
D. improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
2. The function of the computer mentioned in the passage is to_______.
A. counterbalance（起平衡作用）an earthquake’s action on the building
B. predict（预测）the coming of an earthquake with accuracy
C. help strengthen the foundation of the building
D. measure the impact of an earthquake’s vibrations
3. The smart buildings discussed in the passage________.
A. would cause serious financial problems
B. would be worthwhile though expensive
C. would reduce the complexity of architectural design
D. can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes
4. It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing（使……最小）the damage caused by earthquakes, attention should be focused on_______.
A. the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction
B. the development of flexible building materials
C. the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations
D. early forecasts of earthquakes
5. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to_________.
A. compare the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U.S
B. encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers
C. outline the history of the development of quake-resistant building materials
D. report new developments in constructing quake-resistant buildings
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