The Ocean Institute welcomes people to the City of Dana Point’s Festival of Whales celebration on both weekends．The event celebrates the migration(迁徙)of the whales off our coast．Respected ocean scientists of the ocean Institute introduce visitors to the world of whales．The speakers are arranged as the following．   
Saturday，March 5，12：30 pm
Dr Gwen Goodmanlowe from Califomia State University is a full-time lecturer in the Department of Biology，and advises students working on degrees in marine(海洋的) biology．She received her doctorate in zoology from the University of Hawaii-Honolulu．   
Sunday，March 6，12：30 pm
Matt Leslie，from Scripps Institute of Oceanography，has studied whales off the coast of Australia．Some of his current research projects include population structure analysis of whales using performance testing．He will lecture on guides for treatment of marine animals.
Saturday，March 12，12：30 pm
Dr Merkens，from Scripps Institute of Oceanography，will present her latest research on how sound or music can be used as a means to identify characteristics of whales and to find out how whales communicate with one another in the environment．
Sunday，March 13, 2 pm
Robert L. Pitman is a marine ecologist working for the National Marine Fishing Service．He began his career 35 years ago，studying seabirds and whales，and spends much of his time at sea on vessels at locations all over the world．His main interest is the ecology of the Antarctic killer whale．
The Festival will allow visitors to know about new discoveries in marine animal research and to explore a variety of information on whales．Visitors will have the opportunity to listen to underwater whale sounds，and enjoy hands-on activities．Guests will tour the tall ship Pilgrim．
Cost：$6.50 adults，$4.50 children(ages 4-12)．For more information, please visit www.ocean-institute.org or call(949) 496-2274．
【小题1】What do we know from the passage?

A．A large number of scientists will attend the Festival of Whales celebration．

B．The Festival of Whales celebration will be held from March 5 to March 13．

C．The Ocean Institute will hold the City of Dana Point’s Festival of Whales．

D．Four ocean scientists will tell visitors some information about whales．

【小题2】What time should you attend the festival if you want to leam how to treat marine animals?

A．At 12：30 pm on Saturday, March 5．

B．At 12：30 pm on Sunday, March 6．

C．At 12：30 pm on Saturday, March 12．

D．At 2 pm on Sunday, March 13．

【小题3】If you only have time after l pm on weekends，you can listen to a lecture delivered by_________ ．

A．Gwen Goodmanlowe

B．Mart Leslie

C．Merkens

D．Robert L.Pitman

【小题4】Which of the following things can NOT visitors do according to the passage?

A．Have close contact with underwater whales．

B．Leam about new discoveries in marine animal research．

C．Explore some information on whales．

D．Tour the tall ship Pilgrim．

【小题5】If a couple and their 13-year-old child attend the event，they would need to pay_________．

A．13 dollars

B．17.50 dollars

C．19.50 dollars

D．11 dollars

The olinguito（小尖吻浣熊）is new to science. Although lt has been living in the cloud forests of South Amcrica for some time.

Scientists say the olinguito is the first new carnivore（食肉动物）discovered In the Americas in more than 30 years. It is a hairy orange-brown creature with a sweet face and big eyes The animal has small. rounded ears and lives in the trees An adult weighs one kilogram and measures about 75 centimeters. with half of those centimeters taken up by its ringed tail Most of the time. it likes to eat fruit, although it also eats meat. Active at night, the animal has lived in Colombia and Ecuador for a long time. But the olinguito did not exist in science books before now.

     Kristofer Helgen, director at the National Museum in Washington, led the research team that confirmed the existence of the olinguito. It had been mistaken more than a century ago for a look-alike animal -- a similar but larger olingo(尖吻浣熊). Mr. Helgen had been studying olingos in a museum for ten years. At that time. he observed a difference in the size and shape of the heads and teeth. That led him on an effort to prove he was looking at an animal never before described by science. He got lucky when he communicated with a zoologist in Ecuador. The animal expert there made a short video that shows an olinguito in the trees. The video confirms that the oiinguito is different from the olingo     Mr. Helgen says tens of thousands of olinguitos live in the wild and are not in danger of disappearing forever. Human beings, however, are moving closer to the olinguito habitat in the Andean cloud forests. The research team estimates that 42 percent of historic olinguiio habitat has been removed

1.Comparcd with most carnivores. the olinguito may seem more _____.

A. terrble         B. fierce         C. clever             D. lovely

2.The onlinguito was unknown to people in the past because ____

A. it was mistaken for another species

B. it was active in the eveing

C. it was too small to be seen clearly

D. it covered itself by its long tail

3.What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Having been studying olingos for ten years.

B. The short video the animal expert made.

C. His communication with an expert in Ecuador.

D. Differences between olingos and olinguitos.

4.We can infer from the text that ______.

A. the olinguito could be made full use of

B. the number of olinguitos is in the conutrol

C. the clinguito is a completely new species up to now

D. people know more and more about animals

 

The Nature of Stress

We are often faced with stressors that are outside of our control, from rare natural disasters to everyday traffic jams. There is a good deal of evidence that uncontrollable events are particularly stressful. This has been shown in studies of “executive rats,” in which two rats receive exactly the same electric shock, but one is given a lever（杠杆）that could be used to turn the shock off after it occurs. Over a long series of such trials, the partner rat, helpless to do anything about its pain, is more likely to develop ulcers (溃疡) than is the “executive”.

Stress is mostly caused by uncertain events. Uncertainty about an event makes it more disturbing. One study found that subjects who were told that they had a 5 percent chance of receiving an electric shock were actually more uneasy than those who were told that they had a 50 percent chance.

People make various attempts to deal with their stress---removing the cause of the stress, seeking the support of friends or reinterpreting the situation to make it seem less unpleasant. Richard Lazarus and his colleagues have made a useful distinction between problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies. Problem-focused strategies are those aimed at doing something to change the problem causing the stress.  Emotion-focused strategies tend to regulate our distressing emotional responses.

Psychologists Susan Folkman and Richard Lazarus examined undergraduate students’ coping strategies at three time periods---two days before a midterm examination, a week later two days before the grades were announced, and five days after the grades were posted. Before the exam, students tended to use such problem-focused strategies as studying---a guaranteed way to reduce the potential problems. After the exam, when their fates were sealed, if they sought out others, it was usually for emotional support.   

Like other animals, humans have always been safer in groups. Besides physical protection, people provide emotional support that can reduce the psychological and physiological symptoms of stress. A lack of support can increase our susceptibility（敏感性） to illness. For instance, short-term loneliness is associated with a decrease in immune response（免疫应答）. In contrast, people who have strong social ties are usually more resistant to disease. For instance, after being diagnosed as having a life threatening disease, married people are likely to survive longer than unmarried people.

People may provide appraisal support, helping us to evaluate and clarify how serious a problem is. If a professor tells you that he had also failed his first college algebra exam, the consequences of your failure will seem less devastating.  Others can also provide informational support, giving advice about how to deal with the problem. Finally, friends and relatives may give us instrumental support, providing material goods or services to overcome the stress. If your father lends you some money when your car breaks down, you can stop tearing your hair out and just fix it.

Title：The Nature of Stress

1._________ makes people more stressed	Events that can’t be 2.__________ are more stressful. Events that are3.________will make animals or people more stressed.
How to 4. _____stress	● Remove the cause of the stress. ●5.________to friends for help. ● Reinterpret the situation.
Do something to change the problem that 6._______ the stress.
Regulate our distressing emotional responses.
Effects of social support	Support and protection from society make people feel less7.____.
Strong social ties make people both physically and 8.___________ healthy.
Types of social support	Appraisal support 9.____________ evaluate and clarify a problem.
Informational support gives advice on how to solve a problem.
Instrumental support provides material goods or services to get10._______ the stress.

 

 

The Ocean Institute welcomes people to the City of Dana Point’s Festival of Whales celebration on both weekends．The event celebrates the migration(迁徙)of the whales off our coast．Respected ocean scientists of the ocean Institute introduce visitors to the world of whales．The speakers are arranged as the following．   

Saturday，March 5，12：30 pm

  Dr Gwen Goodmanlowe from Califomia State University is a full-time lecturer in the Department of Biology，and advises students working on degrees in marine(海洋的) biology．She received her doctorate in zoology from the University of Hawaii-Honolulu．   

Sunday，March 6，12：30 pm

    Matt Leslie，from Scripps Institute of Oceanography，has studied whales off the coast of Australia．Some of his current research projects include population structure analysis of whales using performance testing．He will lecture on guides for treatment of marine animals.

Saturday，March 12，12：30 pm

  Dr Merkens，from Scripps Institute of Oceanography，will present her latest research on how sound or music can be used as a means to identify characteristics of whales and to find out how whales communicate with one another in the environment．

Sunday，March 13, 2 pm

  Robert L. Pitman is a marine ecologist working for the National Marine Fishing Service．He began his career 35 years ago，studying seabirds and whales，and spends much of his time at sea on vessels at locations all over the world．His main interest is the ecology of the Antarctic killer whale．

  The Festival will allow visitors to know about new discoveries in marine animal research and to explore a variety of information on whales．Visitors will have the opportunity to listen to underwater whale sounds，and enjoy hands-on activities．Guests will tour the tall ship Pilgrim．

  Cost：$6.50 adults，$4.50 children(ages 4-12)．For more information, please visit www.ocean-institute.org or call(949) 496-2274．

1.What do we know from the passage?

    A．A large number of scientists will attend the Festival of Whales celebration．

    B．The Festival of Whales celebration will be held from March 5 to March 13．

    C．The Ocean Institute will hold the City of Dana Point’s Festival of Whales．

    D．Four ocean scientists will tell visitors some information about whales．

2.What time should you attend the festival if you want to leam how to treat marine animals?

    A．At 12：30 pm on Saturday, March 5．

    B．At 12：30 pm on Sunday, March 6．

    C．At 12：30 pm on Saturday, March 12．   

    D．At 2 pm on Sunday, March 13．

3.If you only have time after l pm on weekends，you can listen to a lecture delivered by_________ ．

    A．Gwen Goodmanlowe    B．Mart Leslie    C．Merkens    D．Robert L.Pitman   

4.Which of the following things can NOT visitors do according to the passage?

    A．Have close contact with underwater whales．

    B．Leam about new discoveries in marine animal research．

    C．Explore some information on whales．

    D．Tour the tall ship Pilgrim．

5.If a couple and their 13-year-old child attend the event，they would need to pay_________．

A．13 dollars    B．17.50 dollars    C．19.50 dollars    D．11 dollars

 

       The survival of about one fifth of the world’s vertebrates — animals with a backbone — is considered threatened, according to new research published in the journal Science. That’s a large fraction of Earth’s animals, but this new study held some good news too. Conservation efforts by humans have slowed the loss of many species of amphibians (两栖动物), birds, and mammals. Losses in these groups would have been about 20 percent greater had it not been for recent action of protection.

       Among the animal-conservation success stories is one about birds called Mauritius kestrels (红隼). In the 1970s, just four of these birds were left in the world. Through a special breeding program, scientists were able to increase their number to about 1,000 and release them into the wild.

       Humpback whales (座头鲸) have benefited greatly from recent conservation efforts as well. They were once on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) list of species threatened with extinction. But the species is now in less danger, thanks to laws that ban whale hunting. The IUCN even moved the humpback into “species of the least concern”.

       Over the past 100 years, the white rhino (犀牛) of South Africa has also made an amazing recovery because of habitat protection. The breed multiplied from just 50 animals to about 17.000. Their home has been turned into a protected area, safe from poachers (people who hunt animals illegally) and other threats.

      Stuart Butchart, one of the authors of the new study in Science, is encouraged by the positive effects of conservation. But he says, “Biodiversity (生物多样化) of species is in a frightening state. Its situation is getting worse. But our results show we can turn the situation around.”

       New conservation policies hopefully are on the way. One hundred ninety-three countries recently met in Japan at the Convention on Biological Diversity to set goals for preserving threatened wildlife and their habitats Only 1 percent of ocean and 12 percent of land areas were protected under earlier agreements. Two new goals set by the group are to designate (指定) 10 percent of the world’s ocean and 17 percent of land environments as protected areas to help increase endangered-animal population.

66. What can we learn from the passage?

A、Though there was a special breeding program, the number of Mauritius kestrels didn’t increase.

B、Conservation efforts should not only be made by human beings.

C、Humpback whales are not no the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s list now.

D、Because many groups are working to protect wildlife, natural habitats are in good condition.

67. Which of the following is not mentioned in people’s conservation efforts?

       A、Habitat protection                                B、Breeding programs

C、Laws of banning whale hunting             D、Creation of studying organizations

68. The author uses some successful animal-conservation examples to show that _______.

       A、conservation works                             B、man conquers nature

C、animals are more important                   D、law is fair

69. From the last paragraph we can infer that _______.

       A、much more must be done to prevent species from becoming extinct

B、many animals should be removed from the endangered list

C、humans seem to be at a loss in face of the protection of biodiversity

D、people’s concern of species extinction is completely unnecessary

70. The purpose of the new goals set by the Convention on Biological Diversity is to ______.

       A、protect ocean habitats                         

B、build land environments

C、increase the population of endangered animals

D、control animal population