To build a safer car，Japanese automakers are trying to replace the driver．

Inspired by statistics blaming human error for most accidents，Toyota and its competitors are designing“intelligent’”cars that can almost drive themselves on the high way．

The systems are designed to reduce human tiredness and the mistakes that often result．This kind of support is what drivers need most in a country with some of the most crowded roads in the world．That is why it should not be surprising that Japan is leading the race to make cars smarter．

To provide a safer ride，Japanese automakers are turning to technologies like laser radar and machine vision to replace tired eyes and wandering minds．

An infrared（红外线的）radar unit fixed on the bumper is part of a new cruise（巡航）control method that Toyota introduced in August 1997．It’s now an optional（随意的）feature on its Celsior luxury car that costs 70000 yuan （$648）．

The“adaptive”system tracks（尾随）the car ahead，and slows down or speeds up the car automatically to keep a safer distance in highway traffic．The same technology has also been used by some cars made by Toyota’s competitors．

Subaru，a type of its Legacy wagon，made its first appearance last September with Active Driving Assist（ADA），which besides adjusting cruising speed，sounds an alarm if the car goes out of its lane or makes a turn too fast．In the latter case，it down shifts gear even before the driver starts to brake．

An even smarter system is coming from Honda．Called Honda Interlligent Driver Support（HIDS），it “sees”the road through a tiny camera on the windshield and helps steer（操纵）the car down the middle of lane（车道）．

A computer picks out line on the highway surface and touched the car’s steering wheel in the right direction．

Honda got approval in March to start testing HIDS on the highway and says 1t will arrive in showrooms in the near future．

1.Why are Japanese automakers developing cars that can almost drive themselves on．the highway'?

A．Because they want to win the car competition．

B．Because many accidents resulted from the mistakes made by drivers．

C．Because drivers are always tired when driving the car．

D．Because people don’t want to drive the cars themselves．

2.What is the main purpose for the automakers to design the system of the new cars?

A．To make them run faster so that they can sell them at higher prices．

B．To make them keep to the lane without being controlled．

C．To help drivers make fewer mistakes so that accidents can be avoided．

D．To use some advanced devices like laser radar and machine vision．

3.We can infer from the passage that                ．

A．accidents always occur in the crowded streets

B．traffic accidents are likely to happen when drivers are tired and careless

C．accidents happen because traffic rules are not obeyed

D．many accidents occur because there are no advanced system

4.If you drive the car with HIDS，you will find           ．

A．your car 1s always keeping the right direction

B．your car is slowed down or speeded up automatically

C．your car is controlled by an Infrared radar

D．you are always keeping a safer distance on the high-way

 

第二部分、 非选择题（共35分）

V. Reading expression: 阅读表达10% (共5小题, 每小题2分，满分10分, 每小题2分)

阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

To build a safer car, Japanese automakers are trying to replace the most accident-prone (易出事故的) part: the driver.

Inspired by statistics blaming human error for most accidents, Toyota and its competitors are designing “intelligent” cars that can almost drive themselves on the high way.

The systems are designed to reduce human tiredness and the mistakes that often result. This kind of support is what drivers need most in a country with some of the most crowded reads in the world. That is why it should not be surprising that Japan is leading the race to make cars smarter.

To provide a safer ride, Japanese automakers are turning to technologies like laser radar and machine vision to replace tired eyes and wandering minds.

An infrared radar unit fixed on the bumper is part of a now cruise (巡航) control method that Toyota introduced in August 1997. It’s now an optional feature on its Celsior luxury sedan that costs 70,000 yen (US$648).

The “adaptive” system tracks the car ahead, and slows down or speed up the car automatically to keep a safer distance in highway traffic. The same technology has also been used by some cars made by Toyota’s competitors.

Subaru, a type of its Legacy wagon, made its first appearance last September with Active Driving Assist, which besides adjusting cruising speed, sounds an alarm if the car goes out of its lane or makes a turn too fast. In the latter case, it down shifts gear even before the driver starts to brake.

An even smarter system is coming from Honda. Called Honda Intelligent Driver Support (HIDS), it “sees” the road through a tiny camera on the windshield and helps steer the car down the middle of lane. A computer picks out lines on the highway surface and touched the car’s steering wheel in the right direction. Honda got approval in March to start testing HIDS on the highway and says it will arrive in showrooms in the near future.

56. Why are Japanese automakers developing cars that can almost drive themselves on the highway?  (No more than 10 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

57.What is the main purpose for the automakers to design the system of the new cars?(within 15 wd)

_____________________________________________________________________________

58. When is it likely that an accident happens?  (No more than 15 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

59. If you drive the car with HIDS, what will you find?  (No more than 10 words)

_____________________________________________________________________________

60. What does the underlined word “showroom” in the last paragraph mean in English? 

(No more than 5 words) _________________________________________________________

When my grandfather died, my 83-year-old grandmother, once so full of life, slowly began to fade. No longer able to manage a home of her own, she moved in with my mother, where she was visited often by other members of her large, loving family. Although she still had her good days, it was often hard to arouse her interest.
But one chilly December afternoon three years ago, my daughter Meagan, then eight, and I were visiting her, when she noticed that Meagan was carrying her favorite doll.
“I, too, had a special doll when I was a little girl,” she told a wide-eyed Meagan. “I got it one Christmas when I was about your age. I lived in an old farmhouse in Maine, with Mom, Dad and my four sisters, and the very first gift I opened that Christmas was the most beautiful doll you’d ever want to see.”
“She had an elegant, hand-painted face, and her long brown hair was pulled back with a big pink bow. Her eyes were blue, and they opened and closed. I remember she had a body of kidskin, and her arms and legs bent at the joints.”
GG’s voice dropped low, taking on an almost respectful tone. “My doll was dressed in a pretty pink gown, decorated with fine lace. … Getting such a fine doll was like a miracle for a little farm girl like me — my parents must have had to sacrifice so much to afford it. But how happy I was that morning!”
GG’s eyes filled and her voice shook with emotion as she recalled that Christmas of long ago. “I played with my doll all morning long. And then it happened. My mother called us to the dining room for Christmas dinner and I laid my new doll down gently on the hall table. But as I went to join the family at the table, I heard a loud crash.”
“I hardly had to turn around — I knew it was my precious doll. And it was. Her lace skirt had hung down from the table just enough for my baby sister to reach up and pull on it. When I ran in, there lay my beautiful doll on the floor, her face smashed into a dozen pieces. She was gone forever.”
A few years later, GG’s baby sister was also gone, she told Meagan, a victim of pneumonia(肺炎). Now the tears in her eyes spilled over — tears, I knew, not only for a lost doll and a lost sister, but for a lost time.
Silent for the rest of the visit, Meagan was no sooner in the car going home than she exclaimed, “Mom, I have a great idea! Let’s get GG a new doll for Christmas. Then she won’t cry when she thinks about it.”
My heart filled with pride as I listened to my sympathetic little daughter. But where would we find a doll to match GG’s fond memories?
Where there’s a will, as they say, there’s a way. When I told my best friends, Liz and Chris, about my problem, Liz put me in touch with a local doll-make. From a doll supply house I ordered a long brown hair and a kidskin body to copy the outfit GG had so lovingly described. Liz volunteered to put the doll together, and Chris helped me make the doll’s outfit. Meagan wrote the story of the lost doll by giving examples.
Finally our creation was finished. To our eyes it was perfect. But there was no way it could be exactly like the doll GG had loved so much and lost. Would she think it looked anything like it?
On Christmas Eve, Meagan and I carried our happily packed gift to GG, where she sat surrounded by children, parents, aunts, uncles and cousins. “It’s for you,” Meagan said, “but first you have to read the story that goes with it.”
GG no sooner got through the first page than her voice cracked and she was unable to go on, but Meagan took over where she left off. Then it was time to open her present.
I’ll never forget the look on GG’s face as she lifted the doll and held it to her chest. Once again her tears fell, but this time they were tears of joy. Holding the doll in her frail arms, she repeated over and over again, “She’s exactly like my old doll, exactly like her.” 
And perhaps she wasn’t saying that just to be kind. Perhaps however impossible it seemed, we had managed to produce a close copy of the doll she remembered. But as I watched my eight-year-old daughter and her great-grandmother examining the doll together, I thought of a likelier explanation. What GG really recognized, perhaps, was the love that inspired the gift. And love, wherever it comes from, always looks the same.
【小题1】GG moved in with her daughter because____.

A．she wanted to live with a large family

B．she was not able to live on her own due to her weakness

C．her husband passed away

D．she thought it was the children’s obligation to take care of her

【小题2】Why did GG become very emotional on a December afternoon?

A．Because she saw her great granddaughter’s doll.

B．Because she recalled her dead parents.

C．Because she was surrounded by her offspring.

D．Because she felt lonely during the Christmas season.

【小题3】What can we infer from Paragraph 5? 

A．GG’s doll was important and was a symbol of many things.

B．GG showed great respect for his husband’s love.

C．GG missed the great old days she spent with her family.

D．GG was grateful for her long life.

【小题4】What happened to GG’s baby sister?

A．She envied her sister all her life.

B．She felt guilty for breaking GG’s doll and decided to go.

C．She left home at a young age.

D．She died of some disease at a young age.

【小题5】Why did Meagan’s mum feel proud of her daughter?

A．Because she was clever.	B．Because she was loving.
C．Because she was sensitive.	D．Because she was imaginative.

【小题6】The main idea of the passage is that ____.

A．treating the elderly well is moral

B．it is impossible to copy the exact doll for the elderly

C．love, the permanent rhythm of life, will always remain in the elderly’s heart

D．physical comfort from children rather than psychological care is important

When something goes wrong，it can be very satisfying to say，”Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault；the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault，but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation，you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.

Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on the person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.

This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.

1.According to the passage, winners        .

A. deal with problems rather than blame others  B. meet with fewer difficulties in their lives

C. have responsible and able colleagues        D. blame themselves rather that others

2.The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to        .

A. avoid                B. accept               C. improve                  D. consider

3. When your colleague brings about a problem, you should         .

A. blame him for his lack of responsibility     B. find a better way to handle the problem

C. tell him to find the cause of the problem     D. ask a more able colleague for help

4.When problems occur, winners take them as         

A. excuses for their failures                 B. barriers to greater power

C. challenges to their colleagues             D. chances for self-development

5.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. A Winner’s Problem.                 B. A Winner’s Secret.

C. A Winner’s Opportunity.                        D. A Winner’s Achievement.

 

It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter.

Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense. It takes the most cool – headed drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and calm so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers don’t even seem able torecognize politeness when they see it nowadays.

However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with the dead bodies of these grannies.

An experienced driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings. Unfortunately, modern drivers can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the roadman- ship. Years ago, experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give – and – take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.

1.The passage mainly talks about _____.

A. road politeness                          B. traffic jams

C. good manners                             D. modern drivers

2.Troubles on the road are often caused by _____ .

A. traffic jams                             B. the behavior of the drivers

C. great speed                             D. terrible road conditions

3. According to the writer, a good driver should _____.

A. beat back when forced to face rude driving

B. be able to recognize politeness when he sees it

C. encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to

D. join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel

4. The following statements are right EXCEPT that _____.

A. some modern drivers are not good at driving

B. road politeness is good sense as well as good manners

C. it is all right to have a tiger in the driver’s seat

D. a friendly driver should nod or wave thanks in answer to an act of politeness