Sometimes people add to what they say even when they don’t talk. Gestures are the “silent language” of every culture. We point a finger or move another part of the body to show what we want to say．It is important to know the body language of every country or we may be misunderstood.
In the United States，people greet each other with a handshake in a formal introduction．The handshake must be firm．If the handshake is weak，it is a sign of weakness or unfriendliness．Friends may place a hand on the other’s arm or shoulder．Some people，usually women，greet a friend with a hug（拥抱）．
Space is important to Americans．When two people talk to each other，they usually stand about two and a half feet away and at an angle，so they are not facing each other directly．Americans get uncomfortable when a person stands too close．They will move back to have their space．If Americans touch another person by accident，they say “Pardon me” or “Excuse me”．
Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking．If you don’t do so，it means you are bored，hiding something，or are not interested．But when you stare at someone，it is not polite．
For Americans，thumbs-up means yes，very good，or well done．Thumbs-down means the opposite．To call a waiter，raise one hand to head level or above．To show you want the check，make a movement with your hands as if you are signing a piece of paper．It is all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger（食指）．Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and pat them on the head when they admire them．
Learning a culture’s body language is sometimes confusing（使糊涂的）．If you don’t know what to do，the safest thing to do is to smile．
【小题1】From the first paragraph we can learn that ________．

How men first learned to invent words is unknown, in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.

The power of words, then, lies in their association-the thing they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and the sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increase.

Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey （表达，传递）his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they make our speech silly and vulgar.（粗俗的）

Which of the following about a real poet is NOT true?

A．He is less than a master of words.

B．His style is always charming.

C．His poem can move men to tears.

D．He can express his ideas in words that sing like music.

Where does the real power of the words come from?

A．From the words themselves. 　　

B．From their characteristics.

C．From their curiosity.

D．From their association.

What is the main idea of the passage?　

A．The importance of choosing words.

B．Where the real power of words come from.

C．What great writers are like.

D．We should learn to choose words carefully.

He came into the room to shut the windows while we were still in bed and I saw he looked ill. He was shivering, his face was white, and he walked slowly as though it ached to move.

“What's the matter, Schatz?”

“I've got a headache.”

“You better go back to bed.”

“No. I'm all right.”

“You go to bed. I'll see you when I'm dressed.”

But when I came downstairs he was dressed, sitting by the fire, looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years. When I put my hand on his forehead I knew he had a fever.

“You go up to bed,” I said, “You're sick.”

“I'm all right,” he said.

When the doctor came he took the boy's temperature.

“What's is it?” I asked him.

“One hundred and two.”

Downstairs, the doctor left three different medicines in different colored capsules with instructions for giving them. One was to bring down the fever, another a purgative(泻药), the third to overcome an acid condition. The germs of influenza（流感）can only exist in an acid condition, he explained. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about if the fever did not go above one hundred and four degrees. This was a light epidemic(传染病；传染性的) of flu and there was no danger if you avoided pneumonia（肺炎）.

Back in the room I wrote the boy's temperature down and made a note of the time to give the various capsules.

“Do you want me to read to you?”

“All right. If you want to, “ said the boy. His face was very white and there were dark areas under his eyes. He lay still in the bed and seemed very detached（超然的；冷漠的）from what was going on.

I read aloud from Howard Pyle's Book of Pirates（海盗）;but I could see he was not following what I was reading.

“How do you feel, Schatz?” I asked him.

“Just the same, so far,” he said.

I sat at the foot of the bed and read to myself while I waited for it to be time to give another capsule. It would have been natural for him to go to sleep, but when I looked up he was looking at the foot of the bed, looking very strangely.

“Why don't you try to sleep? I'll wake you up for the medicine.”

“I'd rather stay awake.”

After a while he said to me, “You don't have to stay in here with me, Papa, if it bothers you.”

“It doesn't bother me.”

“No, I mean you don't have to stay if it's going to bother you.”

I thought perhaps he was a little lightheaded and after giving him the prescribed capsules at eleven o'clock I went out with my gun and the young hunting dog….I killed two quail(鹌鹑), and missed five, and started back pleased to have found a covey of quail close to the house and happy there were so many left to find on another day.

At the house they said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room.

“You can't come in,” he said. “You mustn't get what I have.”

I went up to him and found him in exactly the position I had left him, white-faced, but with the tops of his cheeks flushed（发红）by the fever, staring still, as he had stared, at the foot of the bed.

I took his temperature.

“What is it?”

“Something like a hundred,” I said. It was one hundred and two and four tenths.

“It was a hundred and two,” he said.

“Who said so?”

“The doctor.”

“Your temperature is all right,” I said. “It's nothing to worry about.”

“I don't worry,” he said, “but I can't keep from thinking.”

“Don't think,” I said. “Just take it easy.”

“I'm taking it easy,” he said and looked straight ahead, He was evidently holding tight onto himself about something.

“Take this with water.”

“Do you think it will do any good?”

“Of course it will.”

I sat down and opened the Pirate book and began to read, but I could see he was not following, so I stopped.

“About what time do you think I'm going to die?” he asked.

“What?”

“About how long will it be before I die?”

“You aren't going to die. What's the matter with you? “

“Oh, yes, I am, I heard him say a hundred and two.”

“People don't die with a fever of one hundred and two. That's a silly way to talk.”

“I know they do. At school in France the boys told me you can't live with forty-four degrees. I've got a hundred and two.”

He had been waiting to die all day, ever since nine o'clock in the morning.

“You poor Schatz,” I said. “Poor old Schatz. It's like miles and kilometers. You aren't going to die. That's different thermometer. On that thermometer thirty-seven is normal. On this kind it's ninety-eight.”

“Are you sure?”

“Absolutely,” I said, “It's like miles and kilometers. You know, like how many kilometers we make when we do seventy miles in the car?”

“Oh,” he said.

But his gaze at the foot of the bed relaxed slowly. The hold over himself relaxed too, finally, and the next day it was very slack(松驰的) and he cried very easily at little things that were of no importance.

1.The author writes about the doctor’s visit in order to _____.

A．show the doctor’s knowledge about influenza and its treatment

B．show the boy’s illness was quite serious

C．create a situation of misunderstanding around which to build a story

D．show the father was very much concerned about the boy’s illness

2.The pronoun “it” in “Papa, if it bothers you” (line 41) refers to _____.

A．the boy’s high temperature

B．the father giving the medicine to the boy

C．the father staying with the boy

D．the boy’s death

3.It can be inferred from the story that it is _____ by the time the father gets home from hunting.

A．early in the afternoon

B．close to evening

C．at noon

D．late in the morning

4.From the story we know that the boy kept tight control over himself because _____.

A．he did not want to be a bother to others

B．he wanted to recover quickly so that he could go hunting with his father

C．he was afraid that he would die if he lost control over himself

D．he thought he was going to die and he must show courage in the face of death

5.That the boy cried very easily at little things of no importance the next day suggests that _____.

A．he couldn’t control his emotions when he finally relaxed

B．his father would go out hunting without him if he didn’t cry

C．something went wrong with his brain after the fever

D．he often complained about unimportant things as a spoiled boy

6.The theme of the story is _____.

A．death is something beyond a child’s comprehension

B．to be calm and controlled in the face of death is a mark of courage

C．misunderstanding can occur even between father and son

D．misunderstanding can sometimes lead to an unexpected effect

Do you know what it means when somebody tells you that he had “a catch-22 experience”?

The phrase “catch-22” comes from a book of the same title by the American writer Joseph Heller published in 1961. Catch-22 is a book of black humor. The author uses silly and even surreal(超现实的)events. It has a non-linear narrative structure(非线性的叙述结构)in which events follow the theme rather than the timing, to give us a very strange picture full of contradictions(矛盾).

The story takes places in a bomber base in Italy during World War II. The main character, Captain Yossarian wants to leave the war. Unfortunately, every time he completes the number of tasks to be sent home, the number is raised and he is forced to continue fighting. It seems hopeless for him to go home under the very strange rule in this Air Force-catch-22: only when a soldier goes crazy can he be allowed to go home. But he has to go to the hospital to show the doctors that he is crazy. However, if he tells them he is crazy but is obvious healthy, he cannot go home. In short, catch-22 is“heads I win, tails I lose. If you can you can’t; and if you can’t, you can.”Whenever you try to behave correctly in a crazy world. There’s a catch(潜在的困难).

During the Vietnam War, the phrase“catch-22”became a popular term for being caught in a lose-win circular dilemma and is now commonly used. The Oxford English Dictionary explains catch-22 as“a set of circumstances in which one requirement, etc, is dependent upon another, which is in turn dependent upon the first.”

60. Which of the following statements is right?

       A. Catch-22 is one of Heller’s experiences during World War II.

       B. Catch-22 is one of Yossarian’s experiences during the Vietnam War.

       C. The events in catch-22 follow the theme.

       D. The events in catch-22 follow the timing.

61. Why did Captain Yossarian fail to leave the war?

       A. He wasn’t so anxious to leave the war.

       B. He didn’t finish his tasks.

       C. He was put into a catch-22 situation.

       D. He wasn’t mad enough to be sent home.

62. The phrase“catch-22”came into being_____________.

       A. in World War II        B. in the Vietnam War   C. in the 1950s              D. in the 1960s

How men first learned to invent words is unknown, in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their association—the thing they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and the sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increase.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey （表达，传递）his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they make our speech silly and vulgar.（粗俗的）
48. Which of the following about a real poet is NOT true?
A. He is less than a master of words.     
B. His style is always charming.
C. His poem can move men to tears.
D. He can express his ideas in words that sing like music.
49. Where does the real power of the words come from?
A. From the words themselves.        
B. From their characteristics.
C. From their curiosity.     
D. From their association.
50. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of choosing words.
B. Where the real power of words come from.
C. What great writers are like.
D. We should learn to choose words carefully.