Each year, prizes are presented to adults who make great achievements in art, writing, science, and economics. So why not give awards to kids?

Harry Leibowitz asked himself that question in 1996. As an answer, he and his wife, Kay, created the World of Children organization and began handing out awards to kids and adults whose work has helped kids all over the world. The awards the World of Children presents are nicknamed（给……起绰号）the “ Children’s Nobel Prize”.

“You know, children are so important,” Leibowitz, a retired business manager, told me. “ We should have prizes for children if we’re going to have prizes for everything else.”

Talia Leman, from Iowa, was awarded a Founder’s Youth Award for Leadership this year. She is only 13 years old, but she has completed a lot. In 2005, she founded “ RandomKid”. Since then, it has raised more than$10 million to help kids in 48 states in the U.S. and in 19 other countries.

One place helped by RandomKid was a school built in Cambodia to enable 300 kids to go to school. The organization has also helped fix a school for 200 kids in Louisiana, and provided interactive play centers that serve more than 500 kids in hospitals in Iowa. In faraway places like Africa, RandomKid has provided money to buy water pumps（水泵）.

Talia never thought that the organization she founded would be as successful as it has become. She said, “ My first goal was to raise $1million. That seemed really high, but when you reach a goal, you always wind up reaching higher, and we actually raised $10 million.”

I asked her what advice she would offer to other young people who want to help kids in need. “ Well, I’d say the first thing would be to find an adult and tell them your idea,” Talia said. “ They’re really the people who can help, and from there I think it can just really take off.”

The purpose of the first two paragraphs is to tell us     .

A. the origin of the Nobe1 Prize

B. the achievements Harry and his wife made

C. how the “ Children’s Nobe1 Prize” was started

D. how Harry and his wife helped kids

The World of Children presents awards to those who    .

A. help the kids in the U.S             B. realize the importance of education

C. raise a lot of money for the poor    D. do a lot to help kids in need

Which of the following is TRUE about Talia?

A. She founded a hospital for 500 kids in Iowa.

B. She offered money to buy water pumps for Africans.

C. She helped teach 300 kids in a school in Cambodia.

D. She built a school for 200 kids in Louisiana.

What advice is given by Talia to those who want to help kids in need?

A. To ask for an idea from adults.           B. To set a higher goal at first.

C. To win help from adults.                  D. To make an idea become popular.

An Australian man who has been donating his extremely rare kind of blood for 56 years has saved the lives of more than two million babies.

James Harrison has an antibody in his plasma that stops babies dying from Rhesus disease, a form of severe anaemia. He has enabled countless mothers to give birth to healthy babies, including his own daughter, Tracey, who had a healthy son thanks to her father's blood.

Mr. Harrison has been giving blood every few weeks since he was 18 years old and has now racked up a total of 984 donations. When he started donating, his blood was deemed so special that his life was insured for one million Australian dollars.

He was also nicknamed the “man with the golden arm” or the “man in two million”. He said: “I've never thought about stopping. Never.” He made a pledge to be a donor aged 14 after undergoing major chest surgery in which he needed 13 litres of blood. “I was in hospital for three months,” he said. “The blood I received saved my life so I made a pledge to give blood when I was 18.”

Just after he started donating he was found to have the rare and life-saving antibody in his blood. At the time, thousands of babies in Australia were dying each year of Rhesus disease. Other newborns suffered permanent brain damage because of the condition. The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood. It stems from one having Rh-positive blood and the other Rh-negative.

His blood has since led to the development of a vaccine called Anti-D. After his blood type was discovered, Mr. Harrison volunteered to undergo a series of tests to help develop the Anti-D vaccine. “They insured me for a million dollars so I knew my wife Barbara would be taken care of,” he said. “I wasn't scared. I was glad to help. I had to sign every form going and basically sign my life away.”

Mr. Harrison is Rh-negative and was given injections of Rh-positive blood. It was found his plasma could treat the condition and since then it has been given to hundreds of thousands of women. It has also been given to babies after they are born to stop them developing the disease.

It is estimated he has helped save 2.2 million babies so far. Mr. Harrison is still donating every few weeks now.

How old is James Harrison？

A. 56           B. 70           C. 74           D. 78

What does the underlined phrase “two million” refer to?

A. babies           B. mothers      C. dollars          D. all of the above

   Why did James decide to donate his blood? Because _____.

    A. his daughter asked him to help her son

    B. he has a golden arm worth a million dollars

    C. a vaccine called Anti-D is to be developed

    D. someone else’s blood saved his life

The sentence “The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood” (underlined in Paragraph 5) suggests that _____.

    A. babies suffer permanent brain damage before born

    B. the mother and the baby have different types of blood

    C. Rhesus disease contributes to permanent brain damage

    D. all the patients have a rare antibody in their blood

   What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?

    A. Some of the tests to develop the vaccine are dangerous.

    B. His wife Barbara needed to be taken care of badly then.

    C. Mr. Harrison was glad to help develop a new vaccine.

    D. His blood type was accidentally discovered after tests.

Directions: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable heading from A—F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need．             

A．The results explained why time passes quickly when we are dealing with more tasks

    B．Time flies when you are having fun and drags when you are bored．

    C．Volunteers were told to finish three different tasks in the study．

    D．There are areas of the brain having the function of estimating time．

    E．Concentrating on time passing is probably a more accurate perception of reality

    F．Focusing on' the duration or the color the of image makes trips speed．

1.

Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain change depending on how we focus on a task． Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly．

2.

In the study, 12 volunteers watched an image while researchers monitored their brain activity using MRI scans．Volunteers were given a variety of tasks．In one they were told to concentrate simply on the duration of an image, in another they were asked to focus on the color, and in a third they were asked to concentrate on both duration and color．

3.

The results showed that a network of brain regions was activated when more subjects were paid attention to duration．It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task, then it has to spread its resources thinly, and pays less heed（注意） to time passing．Therefore, time passes without us really noticing it, and seems to go quickly．

4.

However, if the brain is not stimulated in this way, it concentrates its full energies on monitoring the passing of time．This may make time seem to drag, but in fact the researchers found that the more volunteers concentrated on the duration of the images, the more accurate were their estimates of its duration．

5.

Lead researcher Dr Jennifer Coull said many of the areas of the brain involved in estimating time were the same that played a key role in controlling movement, and preparing for action．She said this overlap suggests that the brain may make sense of time as intervals between movements, in much the same way as a musician marks time with his foot, or an athlete anticipates the sound of a starter's pistol（手枪）．

 

An Australian man who has been donating his extremely rare kind of blood for 56 years has saved the lives of more than two million babies.
James Harrison has an antibody in his plasma that stops babies dying from Rhesus disease, a form of severe anaemia. He has enabled countless mothers to give birth to healthy babies, including his own daughter, Tracey, who had a healthy son thanks to her father's blood.
Mr. Harrison has been giving blood every few weeks since he was 18 years old and has now racked up a total of 984 donations. When he started donating, his blood was deemed so special that his life was insured for one million Australian dollars.
He was also nicknamed the “man with the golden arm” or the “man in two million”. He said: “I've never thought about stopping. Never.” He made a pledge to be a donor aged 14 after undergoing major chest surgery in which he needed 13 litres of blood. “I was in hospital for three months,” he said. “The blood I received saved my life so I made a pledge to give blood when I was 18.”
Just after he started donating he was found to have the rare and life-saving antibody in his blood. At the time, thousands of babies in Australia were dying each year of Rhesus disease. Other newborns suffered permanent brain damage because of the condition. The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood. It stems from one having Rh-positive blood and the other Rh-negative.
His blood has since led to the development of a vaccine called Anti-D. After his blood type was discovered, Mr. Harrison volunteered to undergo a series of tests to help develop the Anti-D vaccine. “They insured me for a million dollars so I knew my wife Barbara would be taken care of,” he said. “I wasn't scared. I was glad to help. I had to sign every form going and basically sign my life away.”
Mr. Harrison is Rh-negative and was given injections of Rh-positive blood. It was found his plasma could treat the condition and since then it has been given to hundreds of thousands of women. It has also been given to babies after they are born to stop them developing the disease.
It is estimated he has helped save 2.2 million babies so far. Mr. Harrison is still donating every few weeks now.
【小题1】How old is James Harrison？

A．56

B．70

C．74

D．78

【小题2】What does the underlined phrase “two million” refer to?

A．dollars

B．babies

C．mothers

D．all of the above

【小题3】Why did James decide to donate his blood? Because _____.

A．someone else’s blood saved his life

B．he has a golden arm worth a million dollars

C．a vaccine called Anti-D is to be developed

D．his daughter asked him to help her son

【小题4】The sentence “The disease creates an incompatibility between the mother's blood and her unborn baby's blood” (underlined in Paragraph 5) suggests that _____.

A．all the patients have a rare antibody in their blood

B．babies suffer permanent brain damage before born

C．Rhesus disease contributes to permanent brain damage

D．. the mother and the baby have different types of blood

【小题5】What can we infer from the sixth paragraph?

A．His wife Barbara needed to be taken care of badly then.

B．Some of the tests to develop the vaccine are dangerous.

C．Mr. Harrison was glad to help develop a new vaccine.

D．His blood type was accidentally discovered after tests.