In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive . Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity ?There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable ,it does not actually make him work harder . As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important ,and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way .Thus while freedom of choice may be important ,there is usually very little that can be done to create it .

Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making .In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product .Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one ,so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line .It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore ,but it is also one we can do something about .

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity ?The workers themselves certainly think this is important. Maybe they want more money only because the work they do is boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting ,they will neither want more money ,nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

Which of the following is the best way to make workers work harder according to the author?

       A．Increasing their pay.

       B．Giving them more spare time.

       C．Making the work itself meaningful.

       D．Replacing large production lines with small ones .

The reason why a worker cannot have freedom in doing the job in his own way is that       .

       A．the machinery is so badly needed that more of it should be bought

       B．there are production lines in factories

       C．the bosses can create very little freedom of choices

       D．the machines must be operated strictly according to instructions and rules

Besides money, what may make workers work more actively?

       A．Extra free hours.            B．More comfort of life.

       C．Interesting jobs.              D．Better working conditions.

The best title for this passage may be             .

       A．Problems of Modern Workers       B．Making Jobs More Interesting

       C．Pushing Workers to Produce More        D．How to Improve Labor Productivity．

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes workers’ life more enjoyable, it does not actually make them work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to creat it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more enjoyable, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

1．Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor leading to greater productivity?

　　A．Making jobs more varied.

　　B．More money and shorter working hours.

　　C．Degrees of work contribution.

　　D．Modern and complicated machinery.

2．According to the passage, workers want more money because          .

A．their jobs are very boring                      B．they can enjoy more freedom

C．it makes their jobs more interesting        D．they want shorter working hours

3．If we succeed in making workers’ job more interesting,          .

　　A．they will want more money

　　B．they will demand shorter working hours

　　C．they will ask for more money and shorter working hours

　　D．more money and shorter working hours will not be so concerned

4．In this passage, the author tries to tell us          .

　　A．how to make workers more comfortable

　　B．possible factors leading to greater productivity

　　C．more money leads to greater productivity

　　D．how to make workers’ jobs more interesting

5．The author of this passage is probably a           .

　　A．teacher 　　   B．worker 　　    C．manager 　　  D．physicist

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

　　 1. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?

　　　　  A. To make jobs more varied.

　　　　  B. To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.

　　　　  C. Degree of work contribution.

　　　　  D. Demands for longer working hours.

　　 2. Why do workers want more money?

　　　　  A. Because their jobs are too boring.

　　　　  B. In order to enjoy more spare time.

　　　　  C. To make their jobs more interesting.

　　　　  D. To demand shorter working hours.

　　 3. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’ jobs more interesting——.

　　　　  A. they will want more money

　　　　  B. they will demand shorter working hours

　　　　  C. more money and shorter working hours are important factors

　　　　  D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them

　　 4. In this passage, the author tells us——.

　　　　  A. how to make the workers more productive

　　　　  B. possible factors leading to greater efficiency

　　　　  C. to what extent more money leads to greater productivity

　　　　  D. how to make workers' jobs more interesting

In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker's life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor.

Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.

To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.

　　 1. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?

　　　　  A. To make jobs more varied.

　　　　  B. To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.

　　　　  C. Degree of work contribution.

　　　　  D. Demands for longer working hours.

　　 2. Why do workers want more money?

　　　　  A. Because their jobs are too boring.

　　　　  B. In order to enjoy more spare time.

　　　　  C. To make their jobs more interesting.

　　　　  D. To demand shorter working hours.

　　 3. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’ jobs more interesting——.

　　　　  A. they will want more money

　　　　  B. they will demand shorter working hours

　　　　  C. more money and shorter working hours are important factors

　　　　  D. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them

　　 4. In this passage, the author tells us——.

　　　　  A. how to make the workers more productive

　　　　  B. possible factors leading to greater efficiency

　　　　  C. to what extent more money leads to greater productivity

　　　　  D. how to make workers' jobs more interesting