D

      Among rich countries, people in the United States work the longest hours. They work much longer than in Europe. This difference is quite surprising because productivity per hour worked is the same in the United States as it is in France, Spain and Germany, and it is growing at a similar speed.

     In most countries and at most times in history, as people have become richer they have chosen to work less. In other words they have decided to "spend" a part of their extra income on a fuller personal life. Over the last fifty years Europeans have continued this pattern, and hours of work have fallen sharply. But not in the United States. We do not fully know why this is. One reason may be greatly lower taxes in America, which increase the rewards to work. Another may be more satisfying work, or less satisfying personal lives.

     Longer hours do of course increase the GDP (国内生产总值). So the United States has produced more per worker than, say, France. The United States also has more of its people at work, while in France many more mothers and older workers have decided to stay at home. The overall result is that American GDP per head is 40% higher than in France, even though productivity per hour worked is the same.

     It is not clear which of the two situations is better. As we have seen, work has to be compared with other values like family life, which often get lost in its interest. It is too early to explain the different trends (趋势）in happiness over time in different countries. But it is a disappointing idea that in the United States happiness has made no progress since 1975, while it has risen in Europe. Could this have anything to do with trends in the work-life balance ?

51. From the text we know that the author __________.

  A. believes that longer working hours is better

  B. prefers shorter working hours to longer ones

  C. says nothing certain about which pattern is better

  D. thinks neither of the patterns is good

52. Which of the following countries has more of its people at work?

   A. Spain.      B. France.    C. Germany.    D. America.

53. In the last paragraph, the underlined word "which" refers to_________.

   A. family life  B. situations  C. other values  D. trends

54. What message can we get from the text?

   A. The GDP of Europe, is higher than that of America.

   B. Two possible reasons are given for working longer hours in the US.

   C. People all over the world choose to work less when they are richer.

  D. Americans are happier than Europeans.

55. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

  A. Americans and Europeans.              B. Staying at Home.

  C. Work and Productivity.                 D. Work and Happiness.

A   What Is A Hookworm Infection (感染)?

    Hookworm is an infection of one of two different 7 to 13 mm long roundworms. Heavy infection with hookworm can create serious health problems for newborns, children, pregnant women, and persons who are malnourished. Approximately one-quarter of the world’s population is infected with hookworm.

B  Where are hookworms commonly found?

One of the most common species, Ancylostoma Duodenale, is found in southern Europe, northern Africa, northern Asia, and parts of South America. A second species, Necator Americanus, was widespread in the southeastern United States early in this century. The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission was founded in response, and hookworm infection has been largely controlled.

C  How do I get a hookworm infection?

You can become infected by direct contact with contaminated (污染的) soil, generally through walking barefoot, or accidentally swallowing contaminated soil.

Hookworms have a complex life cycle that begins and ends in the small intestine (肠道). Hookworm eggs require warm, moist, shaded soil to hatch into larvae (幼虫). These barely visible larvae enter the skin (often through bare feet), are carried to the lungs, go through the breathing tract to the mouth, are swallowed, and eventually reach the small intestine. This journey takes about a week. In the small intestine, the larvae develop into half-inch-long worms, attach themselves to the intestinal wall, and suck blood. The adult worms produce thousands of eggs. These eggs are passed in the human waste. If the eggs contaminate soil and conditions are right, they will hatch, molt, and develop into infective larvae again after 5 to 10 days.

D  Who is at risk?

People who have direct contact with soil that contains human feces (粪便) in areas where hookworm is common are at high risk of infection. Children—because they play in dirt and often go barefoot—are at high risk. Since transmission of hookworm infection requires development of the larvae in soil, hookworm cannot be spread person to person. Contact among children in institutional or child care settings should not increase the risk of infection.

E  _______________

In countries where hookworm is common and re-infection is likely, light infections are often not treated. In the United States, hookworm infections are generally treated for 1-3 days with medication prescribed (开药方) by your health care provider. The drugs are effective and appear to have few side effects. For children under the age of 2, the decision to treat should be made by their health care provider.

59. We can guess that the passage is intended for __________.

A. doctors                          B. scientists                 C. medical students       D. common readers

60. We can imply that the Rockefeller Sanitary Commission in the second paragraph is_______.

A. a centre for information about hookworm infection in the United States

B. an organization for preventing and treating the hookworm infection

C. an educational organization in the United States in the 1950s

D. an organization which identifies the hookworm all over the world

61. The best heading for Part E should be ________.

A. What are the symptoms of hookworm?

B. How can I prevent hookworm?

C. What should I do if I think I have a hookworm infection?

D. What is the treatment for hookworm?

62. Which of the following statements about the life cycle of hookworms is right according to the passage?

A. Hookworm eggs develop into hookworm larvae in the small intestine.

B. Hookworm larvae feed on human’s blood in the intestine walls.

C. Hookworm eggs will become larvae in warm, moist, shaded soil.

D. Hookworm larvae will become hookworm eggs in human waste.

A popular student in her small high school, Katie started college expecting to do well in her courses and be best friends with her roommates. But things didn’t turn out that way. Psych 101, the course she thought would be a first-semester favorite, turned out to be a struggle. And her roommates were as different from Katie as the student restaurant’s mystery meat was from her mom’s roasted pork.

Living away from home tends to be the toughest adjustment for first-year students. You may feel homesick in your first weeks or months. It can help to call, write, or email your parents and friends making them know how you’re doing. You can also talk with your roommates. As first-year students themselves, they’re probably experiencing many of the same fears and worries that you’re dealing with.

But what if you don’t get along well with your roommates?

In some cases, it can be a good thing if you and your roommates aren’t much alike. Different views on things may be helpful, so respect your differences no matter what.

If you and your roommates don’t get along well, it can help to find someone who you feel does understand you, which should be easy on a campus with so many people. Many schools have student organization nights where all of the campus clubs gather and promote their organizations, so you can meet people with the same interests there as you. You’ll also meet tons of people in class or in your dorm building.

As homesickness, painful throats, sprained (扭伤的) ankles and wisdom teeth that act up are common among college students, you should check out your student guidebook or your school’s website to find out information about the university health center.

If you think you cannot deal with your problems, make a stop at the school counseling (咨询) center. First-year troubles are something the counselors know well. You can get help there.

From Paragraph 1 we can infer that ____.

A. Katie had been worried about the changes before starting her college life

B. Katie felt satisfied when her college life started

C. Katie wasn’t used to the new environment in college at first

D. Katie has fallen behind in her study after the first semester in college

What’s the author’s suggestion on dealing with homesickness?

A. Adjust to it.

B. Share fears and worries with your parents.

C. Talk to your roommates about it.

D. Get along with your roommates.

Which of the following ways of dealing with roommates is RIGHT?

A. Not trying to change them.

B. Not making friends with them.

C. Developing the same interests as them

D. Not talking with them.

What’s the main idea of the text?

A. Freshmen may meet many problems.

B. Communication is important in college.

C. How you can adjust to your first year in college.

D. How schools help freshmen to get used to college life.

What will we be eating in the future? Here are the top factors that will be affecting the food that ends up on our tables in the new century.

Genetically engineered food Many crops are already genetically engineered, often to produce more food, fight against pests or improve nutrition. But concern is growing over the lasting effects of changing nature. While existing research has found little harm in genetic engineering, a recent study found the flower powder of a genetically engineered corn can kill the normal butterfly. This finding made many people nervous and brought attention to the topic.

Dining out Americans are increasingly eating meals away from home, both in sit-down restaurants and in fast food outlets. In the last decade alone there was a 14 percent decrease in the number of meals eaten at home. At the same time, restaurants are just beginning to really open their doors on the Internet. Websites exist to make restaurant reservations (预约), view menus, and get tips from your favorite chefs. The dining out trend and the demand for high-quality, chef-prepared food have encouraged chefs to spend time out of the kitchen — teaching classes, appearing on TV, and writing cookbooks.

Eating in Eating in doesn’t always mean cooking. Ready-made meals and frozen food sold in supermarkets taste better all the time. Restaurants are offering neatly packaged “food to go”, and meals can be ordered over the Internet. Cooking is not as much as a necessity, as it is a hobby or a special treat.

Agriculture Although American farmers have been hit hard recently by bad weather, low prices and decreasing government help, they can increase grain production not using old farming methods.

Which of the following is the main reason for genetically engineered crops?

A. To lead to more food and better nutrition.       B. To kill the normal butterfly.

C. To reduce the harm done by insects.          D. To change the nature of the crops.

From the passage, we learn that _________.

A. eating out is not popular among the old people in USA

B. it is now easier for people to get information about eating out

C. it is popular for restaurants to send out information on the Internet

D. the trend of eating out is causing many chefs to give up their jobs

In the future, cooking at home will probably _________.

A. still be the job of most housewives

B. take up most of people’s free time

C. bring much joy to more people

D. lead to many restaurants closing down

According to the passage, farmers should _________ to get a higher grain production.

A. turn to better farming methods           B. ask for the support of the government

C. raise the prices of crops                D. not care about the effects of bad weather

A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers, “Last week,” said he, “my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present, I spent twice its worth in advertising, but didn't get it back.”

“How did you write your advertisement?” asked one of the listeners, a merchant.

“Here it is,” said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The man took it and read, “Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street.”

“Now,” said the merchant, “I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is often very importance. Let us try for your umbrella again. and if it fails, I'll buy you a new one.”

The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote: “If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesn't wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known.”

This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake and begging the loser not to say anything about the matter.

The result of the first advertisement was that ______.

　　A. the man got his umbrella back

　  B. the man wasted some money advertising

　　C. nobody found the missing umbrella

　　D. the umbrella was found somewhere near the Church

“If it fails, I’ll buy you a new one .” suggested that____.

　　A. he was quite sure of success

　　B. he was not sure whether he would get the umbrella hack

　　C. he was rich enough to afford a new umbrella

D. he did not know what to do 

This is a story about _____.

　　A. a useless advertisement

　　B. how to make an effective(有效) advertisement

　　C. how the man lost and found his umbrella

D. what the merchant did for the umbrella owner