It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual（知识的） opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
【小题1】By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.

A．university researchers know little about the commercial world

B．there is little exchange between industry and academia

C．few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university

D．few university professors are willing to do industrial research

【小题2】The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.

A．keeps someone from taking action

B．helps to move the traffic

C．attracts people’s attention

D．brings someone a financial burden

【小题3】What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

A．Flexible work hours.

B．Her research interests.

C．Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.

D．Prospects of academic accomplishments.

【小题4】Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.

A．do financially more rewarding work

B．raise his status in the academic world

C．enrich his experience in medical research

D．exploit better intellectual opportunities

【小题5】What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

A．Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.

B．Develop its students’ potential in research.

C．Help it to obtain financial support from industry.

D．Gear its research towards practical applications.

完形填空

　　As a teenager, I felt I was always letting people down. I was rebellious （反叛的）on the outside,___1___on the inside I wanted people to ___2____me.

　　

　　Once I left home to hitchhike（搭便车）to California with my friend Penelope. The trip wasn't ____3___, and there were many times I didn't feel safe. One situation in particular ___4____ me grateful to still be alive. When I returned home, I was not so outwardly（表面地）different.

　　

　　I was happy to be home. But then I noticed that Penelope, who was____5____with us, was wearing my clothes. And my ____6____seemed to like her better than me. I wondered if I would be __7___if I weren't there. I told my mom, and she explained that ___8___Penelope was a lovely girl, no one could ___9___me. I pointed out,”She is more patient and is heater than I have ever been.” My mom said these were wonderful ___10____,but I was the only person who could fill my ___11____. She made me realize that even with my____12_____——and they were many ——I was a loved member of the family who couldn't be replaced.

　　

　　I became a searcher,___13___who I was and what made me unique（独特的）. My____14___of myself was changing. I wanted a solid base to start from. I started to resist（抵制）pressure to ___15___in ways that I didn't like any more, and I ___16___who I really was. I came to feel much more ____17___that no one can ever take my place.

　　

　　Each of us ____18____ a unique place in the world. You are special, no matter what others say or what you may think. So ____19___ about being replaced. You ___20___ be.

(1)A.And	B.but
C.so	D.for
(2)A.leave	B.replace
C.receive	D.like
(3)A.easy	B.hard
C.fun	D.long
(4)A.caused	B.kept
C.left	D.forced
(5)A.playing	B.eating
C.staying	D.traveling
(6)A.family	B.friends
C.relatives	D.neighbors
(7)A.loved	B.mentioned
C.cared	D.missed
(8)A.since	B.as
C.though	D.unless
(9)A.scold	B.compare
C.replace	D.match
(10)A.qualities	B.girls
C.people	D.times
(11)A.character	B.role
C.task	D.form
(12)A.faults	B.advantages
C.good	D.pities
(13)A.looking 　　 for	B.looking 　　 back
C.seeking 　　 out	D.giving 　　 up
(14)A.picture	B.view
C.sense	D.idea
(15)A.think	B.learn
C.change	D.act
(16)A.hated	B.celebrated
C.wished	D.expected
(17)A.sure	B.doubtful
C.happy	D.lonely
(18)A.takes	B.catches
C.seizes	D.holds
(19)A.talk	B.forget
C.care	D.argue
(20)A.mustn't	B.shouldn't
C.can't	D.needn't

Anne Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. “Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, "My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!"

　　These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Contrary to people’s common belief that poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety plays a role in students’ achieving low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.

　　Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.

　　An expert at the University of California explains, " With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. "

1.To "blank out" is probably______.

A．to be like a blanket                      B．to be sure of an answer

C．to be unable to think clearly               D．to show knowledge to the teacher

2.Poor grades are usually believed to be the result of______.

A．poor sleeping habit                      B．laziness

C．test anxiety                            D．inability to form good study habits

3.Test anxiety has been recognized as______.

A．an excuse for laziness                    B．the result of poor study habits

C．a real problem                          D．something that cannot be changed

4.A University of California advisor said______.

A．all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program

B．almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising course

C．students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course

D．students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course

 

　　The human nose has given to the language often word many interesting expressions. Of course, this is   1    Without the nose, we couldn't   2  or smell. It is the part of the face that gives a person special   3   . Cyrano do Bergerac said that   4  large nose showed   5  man courageous, manly and wise.

A famous woman poet   6  that she had two noses   7  a rose! Blaise Pascal made an   8   remark about Cleopatra' s nose (Cleopatra 为古埃及最后一位女王). If it had been shorter, he said, it would have changed the whole face of the world！

    Man's nose   9  an important role (作用) in his imagination. Man has referred to the nose in   10  ways to express his emotions. Expressions dealing with the nose refer to human   11  ; anger, pride, jealousy (嫉妒) and revenge (报复).

    In English there are a number of phrases   12  the nose. For example, to hold up one's nose expresses a basic human feeling——pride. People  13  hold up their noses at people, things and places.

    The phrase,   14  around by the nose, shows man' s weakness. A person   15  is led around by the nose lets other people   16  him. On the other hand, a person who   17  his nose lets his instinct (本能)——guide   18 

    There are a number of others   19   . It should be   20  the nose on your face that the nose is more than an organ (器官) for breathing and smelling.

1. A. not surprising        B. surprising 　　 　　C. not surprised　　   　　    D. surprised

2. A. breath    　　 　　  B. breathe   　　 　　C. taste　　  　　　　　　  　　 D. watch

3. A. feeling  　　　　  B. character 　　  　　C. things 　　　　　　  　　 D. love

4. A. the　　 　　   　　　　  B. this  　　 　　　　C. one   　　   　　　　 D. a

5. A. big       　　　　  B. large 　　 　　　　C. great    　　　　  　　 D. brave

6. A. wished   　　　　  B. said 　　  　　　　C. hoped    　　    　　 D. expected

7. A. to feel    　　　　  B. to see   　　　　　　  　　C. to touch    　　　　     D. to smell

8. A. encouraging 　　  B. interesting　　   C. moving　　      　　 D. exciting

9. A. has had       　　  B. had had 　　　　C. had　　  　　    　　 D. will have

10. A. much   　　 　　  B. few 　　  　　　　C. many   　　　　        D. some

11. A. illness   　　 　　  B. strength 　　   　　　　C. courage  　　　　 　　 D. weakness

12. A. with     　　　　  B. of  　　   　　　　C. by    　　  　　　　 D. about

13. A. must    　　　　  B. can 　　   　　　　C. need  　　   　　　　 D. should

14. A. to lead 　　　　  B. leading   　　　　C. to be led　　　　    D. lead

15. A. which   　　 　　  B. whom   　　  　　C. who   　　 　　　　 D. whose

16. A. protect 　　   　　　　  B. control   　　　　C. remember       　　 D. hate

17. A. follows      　　  B. leads 　　 　　　　C. drives 　　   　　　　 D. makes

18. A. himself 　　   　　  B. him  　　 　　　　C. one　　　　　　    D. man

19. A. otherwise    　　  B. thus 　　  　　　　C. so     　　　　　　 D. however

20. A. so plain as　　    B. as plain as　　    C. as clearly as　　　　 D. not as plain as

 

Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.

　　Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.

　　These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.

　　It won’t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.

　　Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long.

1.Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?

A.She serves as a role model for African women.

B.She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.

C.She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.

D.She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.

2.What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?

A.They are victims of violence.

B.They are of an inferior violence.

C.They use quite a lot of body language.

D.They live on charity and social welfare.

3.What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?

A.Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.

B.How Michelle should behave as a public figure.

C.How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.

D.What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.

4.What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?

A.However many fans she has, she should remain modest,

B.She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.

C.However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.

D.She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.

5.What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?

A.Help change the prevailing view about black women.

B.Help her husband in the task of changing America.

C.Outshine previous First Lady.

D.Fully display her fine qualities.