Attitudes Towards Work

Alfred Adler is a famous psychiatrist (精神科医师). When he was a small boy he got off to a  1  start in arithmetic. His teacher got the idea that he had no  2  in arithmetic, and told his parents what she  3 in order that they would not expect too  4  of him. In this way, they too 5  the idea--"Isn't it too bad that Alfred can't do arithmetic?" He  6  their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was  7  to try, and was very poor in arithmetic, just  8   they expected.

One day he became very  9  at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to do a problem which  10  of the other students had been able to solve.

Adler succeeded in solving the problem, which gave him 11 . He rejected the idea that he couldn't do arithmetic, and was  12 to show them that he could. His anger and his newfound confidence stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new  13 . He now worked with interest, determination and purpose,  14  he soon became extraordinarily good in arithmetic. He not only   15  that he could do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own  16  that, if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may 17 himself as well as others by his ability.

This experience made him  18  that many people have more ability than they think they have, and that lack of success is as  19  the result of lack of knowledge of how to  20 one's ability, lack of confidence and lack of determination as it is the result of lack of ability.

1. A. poor           B. good             C. fresh           D. new

2. A. purpose         B. ability         C. interest        D. determination

3. A. expected       B. adored           C. forecast        D. thought

4. A. little           B. few            C. much            D. many

5. A. developed      B. found            C. tolerated       D. received

6. A. enjoyed         B. rejected        C. hated           D. accepted

7. A. worthwhile      B. evident         C. useless         D. natural

8. A. which           B. as              C. that            D. what

9. A. angry           B. pleased         C. explicit        D. merciful

10. A. neither        B. none            C. everyone        D. either

11. A. energy         B. wisdom          C. confidence      D. conscience

12. A. informed       B. encouraged      C. convinced       D. determined

13. A. feeling        B. tendency        C. tension         D. spirit

14. A. but            B. and             C. for             D. or

15. A. confirmed      B. clarified       C. conveyed        D. compensated

16. A. weakness       B. strength        C. experience      D. advantage

17. A. distinguish    B. preserve        C. discourage      D. astonish

18. A. realize        B. suspect         C. examine         D. indicate

19. A. never          B. often           C. seldom          D. hardly

20. A. adapt          B. possess         C. apply           D. adopt

Every decision is made within a decision environment, which is defined as the collection of information, alternatives, values. Many decision makers have a(n)  50 to seek more information than required to make a good decision. When too much information is sought and obtained, one or more of several   51 can arise.

﹡ A   52  in the decision occurs because of the time required to obtain and process the extra information.

﹡  53  overload will occur. In this state, so much information is available that decision-making ability actually   54  because the information in its entirety can no longer be managed or assessed  55 . A major problem caused by information overload is  56 . When too much information is taken into memory, especially in a short period of time, some of the information (often that received early on) will be pushed out.

﹡Selective use of the information will occur.  57   , the decision maker will choose from among all the information available only those facts which support a preconceived(预先构想的) solution or position.

﹡Mental fatigue occurs, which  58  slower work or poor quality work.

﹡  59   fatigue occurs, where the decision maker tires of making decisions. Often the result is fast, careless decisions or no decisions are made at all.

The quantity of information that can be processed by the human mind is limited. Unless information is  60 selected, processing will be biased toward the first part of the information received. After that, the mind tires and begins to  61 subsequent information or forget earlier information.

A common   62 about decision making is that decisions are made in isolation from each other: you gather information, explore alternatives, and  63 , without regard to anything that has gone before. The fact is, decisions are made in a context of other decisions.

We might say, then every decision  64  from previous decisions: enables many future decisions, and assists other future decisions.

 I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an attractive, fun-filled place are _________ than others. If so, you have some ________ ideas about the nature of happiness.

　　Many intelligent people still equate(同等看待) happiness with ________. The _______ is that fun and happiness have ______ or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is ________ we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more lasting emotion.www.zxxk.com

Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun ______ that help us relax, ________ forget our problems and maybe even ________. But they do not bring happiness, because their _______ effects end when the fun ______.

    I have often thought that ______ Hollywood stars have a role to ________, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant _________ to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”.

    But celebrities reveal(揭露) the ________hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.

    The way people stick to the _______ that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually _____ their chances of ever obtaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain ______ be equated with unhappiness. But, _______, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness _______ some pain.

    As a result, many people avoid the very efforts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.www.zxxk.com

1.A. luckier               B. happier                 C. richer                             D. tougher

2.A. mistaken                    B. right                      C. desperate                     D. shallow

3.A. wealth                       B. fame             C. fun                        D. pleasure

4.A. state                                     B. belief                    C. tendency             D. truth

5.A. a little               B. some                    C. little                               D. much

6.A. which                 B. that              C. what                      D. as

7.A. activities                     B. occasions    C. periods                          D. games

8.A. gradually                    B. temporarily         C. consequently               D. thoroughly

9.A. change              B. enjoy                     C. refresh                          D. laugh

10.A. special                     B. deep                     C. strong                            D. positive

11.A. comes             B. ends             C. lasts                                 D. returns

12.A. when                        B. as                          C. once                      D. if

13.A. play                                    B. make            C. reach                              D. expect

14.A. signature                 B. participation       C. access                            D. appearance

15.A. secrets                    B. unhappiness       C. presentation                D. disagreement

16.A. prejudice                B. sense                     C. theory                            D. belief

17.A. reduces                    B. robs                      C. consumes                     D. increases

18.A. may                                     B. must             C. can                                  D. will

19.A. as usual                    B. as a result    C. in fact                            D. in a word

20.A. abuse                        B. involve                 C. cause                             D. equal