Ukraine' s people elects Yulia Tymoshenko as prime tninister, step that could accel——青夏教育精英家教网—

Ukraine' s people elects Yulia Tymoshenko as prime tninister, step that could accelerate the nation' s push to become close to the west. A. the;a B./;a C. the; the D./ ; the 【查看更多】

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     Nuclear radiation from power plant leaks and bomb tests resulted in millions of fewer baby girls born
worldwide, according to a new study.
     Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl
(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.
    Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007 for
the U. S. and 39 European countries.
     There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964 to
1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where
radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed
them around the world.
     They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in
the Ukraine(乌克兰).
    The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U. S., probably because it was
too far from the disaster to have an effect.
    "The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect, " said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.
     More males were born relative to females in Belarus-the Ukraine's neighbour-than in France.
     The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.
     And in the wake of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting
another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U. S. West Coast.
     Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.
     A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl.

1. How many nuclear radiation accidents are mentioned in the passage?

A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.

2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The ontheground incidents like Chernobyl, effected birth gender across the globe.
B. There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries
for several years after 1986.
C. The Japan's nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U. S. because of the long distance.
D. Where radioactive material has spread, women can't give birth to children

3. How does radiation effect birth gender?

A. It damages the Y chromosome in sperm.
B. It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.
C. It kills baby girls before they are born.
D. It damages the X chromosome in sperm.

4. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. Nuclear age has led to millions of fewer baby girls being born.
B. Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people's health.
C. Worries about radiation risks.
D. Nuclear age helps reduce the world population.

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阅读理解。

     Nuclear radiation from power plant leaks and bomb tests resulted in millions of fewer baby girls
born worldwide, according to a new study.
      Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl
(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.
      Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007
for the U．S. and 39 European countries.
      There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964
to 1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
     Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where
radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed
them around the world.
      They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in
the Ukraine(乌克兰)．
      The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U．S., probably because it
was too far from the disaster to have an effect.
      "The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect," said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.
      More males were born relative to females in Belarus-the Ukraine's neighbour-than in France.
      The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how
gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.
      And in the wake of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting
another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U．S. West Coast.
      Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.
       A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl.

1．How many nuclear radiation accidents are mentioned in the passage?

A．1.
B．2.
C．3.
D．4.

2．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．The ontheground incidents like Chernobyl, effected birth gender across the globe.
B．There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries for several
years after 1986.
C．The Japan's nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U．S. because of the long distance.
D．Where radioactive material has spread, women can't give birth to children.

3．How does radiation effect birth gender?

A．It damages the Y chromosome in sperm.
B．It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.
C．It kills baby girls before they are born.
D．It damages the X chromosome in sperm.

4．What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Nuclear age has led to millions of fewer baby girls being born.
B．Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people's health.
C．Worries about radiation risks.
D．Nuclear age helps reduce the world population.

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Romanian-born German writer Herta Mueller won the 2009 Nobel Prize in literature yesterday, honored for work that "with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, describes the landscape of the dispossessed(被流放者)," the Swedish Academy said.

The 56-year-old author, who immigrated to Germany from Romania in 1987, first gained public attention in 1982 with a collection of short stories titled Niederungen, or Lowlands in English, which was promptly censored(审查通过) by her government.

In 1984 an uncensored version was smuggled to Germany where it was published and her work describing life in a small, German-speaking village in Romania was popular with the readers there. That work was followed by Oppressive Tango in Romania.

"The Romanian national press was very critical of these works while, outside of Romania, the German press received them very positively," the Academy said. "Because Mueller had publicly criticized the dictatorship(独裁) in Romania, she was prohibited from publishing in her own country.” In 1987 she immigrated to Germany with her husband two years before dictator Nicolae Ceausescu was toppled from power.

Mueller's parents were members of the German-speaking minority in Romania and father served in the Waffen SS during World War II. After the war ended, many German Romanians were deported(放逐) to the Soviet Union in 1945, including her mother, who spent five years in a work camp in what is now Ukraine.

Most of her works are in German, but some works have been translated into English, French and Spanish, including The Passport, The Land of Green Plums, Traveling on One Leg and The Appointment.

Mueller has given guest lectures at universities, colleges and other venues in Paderborn, Warwick, Hamburg, Swansea, Gainsville (Florida), Kassel, Gottingen, Tubingen and Zurich among other places. She lives in Berlin. Since 1995 she has served as a member of Deutsche Akademie fur Sprache und Dichtung, in Darmstadt."

Mueller is the 12th woman to win the literature prize. Recent female winners include Austria's Elfriede Jelinek in 2004 and British writer Doris Lessing in 2007.

The award includes a $1.4 million prize and will be handed out on December 10

1．Herta Mueller was awarded Nobel Prize in literature because of____________.

A．her public criticism upon the dictatorship in Romania

B．her works with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose

C．her works describing the life of the dispossessed in Germany

D．the popularity of her works with the readers in the German-speaking village

2．Which of the following statements is mentioned by the author?

A．German Romanians were treated unfairly in Germany in the 1940s.

B．Her parents were dispossessed to Ukraine after the World War II.

C．Her first work was published in Germany in the early 1980s.

D．Her works were all translated into versions in different languages.

3．It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that _____.

A．people then in Romania had the right to say whatever was true.

B．Herta Mueller left her home country after the dictatorship was ended.

C．Herta Mueller immigrated to Germany together with her parents.

D．Romanian citizens lived a hard life without democracy in the 1980s.

4．According to the passage, which of the following works has an English version?

A．Lowlands in English B．Oppressive Tango in Romania.

C．Traveling on One Leg D．The Land of Green Plums

5．What is the passage mainly about?

A．Mueller made great contribution to literature through hard work

B．Mueller won the Nobel Prize for her great literature works.

C．Mueller gained great popularity by describing dictatorship.

D．Mueller was treated badly in Romania and immigrated to Germany.