It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”

You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible (看不见的) blanket.

Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere – not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.

Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”

The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths – one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.

1.In most scientists’ opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by ________.

A．solar activity                           B．volcanic activity

C．natural factors                          D．human factors

2.The text is developed by ________.

A．giving typical examples

B．following the order of space

C．analyzing a theory and arguing it

D．comparing and finding differences

3.The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means ________.

A．totally different                         B．exactly the same

C．extremely important                     D．partly independent

4.Which of the following is not the cause of climate change?

A．volcanic eruption

B．cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun

C．changes in solar

D．floods and droughts

5.Which of the following can be the best title?

A．Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?

B．Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?

C．Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?

D．What’s the Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?

 

“Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, realistic and easy to deal with.

    It is a pleasure to 1 someone who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to and 2 other people as equals. A down-to-earth person is just the 3 of someone who acts important or proud.

    Down-to-earth persons may be important members of 4 , of course. But they do not let their importance “ 5 to their heads”. They do not consider themselves to be better persons than 6 of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride,  7 without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”. There is 8 way a person with his nose in the air can be down-to-earth.

    Americans 9 another expression that means almost the same as“down-to-earth”. The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”. Someone 10 both feet on the ground is a person with a good 11 of reality. He has what is called“common sense”. He may have dreams,  12 he does not allow them to block his knowledge of 13 is real.

    The opposite kind of 14 is one who has “head in the clouds”. A man with his head in the clouds is a 15 whose mind is not in the real world.

    16 such a person can be brought back to earth. Sharp words from teacher can usually 17 a daydreaming student down-to-earth.

    Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very 18 to have both feet on the ground.  19 we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly 20 others. Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.

    1. A. pick　　　　　　     B. choose　　　　　　    C. find　　　　　　　　  D. receive

    2. A. accepts      B. recognizes　　　　   C. thinks　　　　　　   D. acts

    3. A. same　　     B. kind　　　　　　　　    C. example　　　　    D. opposite

    4. A. companies B. society　　　　   C. the world　　　　  D. the government

    5. A. come　　     B. appear　　　　　　　　 C. enter　　　　　　　　 D. go

    6. A. some　　     B. others　　　　　　　　 C. ones　　　　　　　　 D. fellows

    7. A. often　　     B. rarely　　　　　　　　  C. yet　　　　　　　　    D. still

    8. A. some　　     B. a　　　　　　　　　　    C. no　　　　　　　　    D. every

    9. A. discover    B. find　　　　　　　　    C. conclude　　　　   D. use

    10. A. at　　　　    B. of　　　　　　    C. with　　　　　　　　  D. from

    11. A. idea　　     B. understanding　　  C. opinion　　　　　　  D. feeling

    12. A. for　　　　　　     B. or　　　　　　    C. but　　　　　　　　   D. and

    13. A. that　　     B. what　　　　　　　　   C. such　　　　　　　　 D. which

    14. A. idea　　     B. creature　　　　　　  C. attitude　　　　　　  D. person

    15. A. dreamer   B. stranger　　　　　　  C. flyer　　　　　　　　 D. settler

    16. A. However  B. Therefore　　　　    C. Moreover　　　　  D. Sometimes

    17. A. teach       B. bring　　　　　　　　   C. lead　　　　　　　　  D. take

    18 A. fit　　　　     B. sure　　　　　　　　    C. likely　　　　　　　　 D. able

    19. A. When      B. Since　　　　　　　　  C. Though　　　　　　 D. Unless

20. A. toward     B. with　　　　　　　　    C. over　　　　　　　　  D. onto

 

“Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, realistic and easy to deal with.

    It is a pleasure to 1 someone who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to and 2 other people as equals. A down-to-earth person is just the 3 of someone who acts important or proud.

    Down-to-earth persons may be important members of 4 , of course. But they do not let their importance “ 5 to their heads”. They do not consider themselves to be better persons than 6 of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride,  7 without cause, is said to have “his nose in the air”. There is 8 way a person with his nose in the air can be down-to-earth.

    Americans 9 another expression that means almost the same as“down-to-earth”. The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”. Someone 10 both feet on the ground is a person with a good 11 of reality. He has what is called“common sense”. He may have dreams,  12 he does not allow them to block his knowledge of 13 is real.

    The opposite kind of 14 is one who has “head in the clouds”. A man with his head in the clouds is a 15 whose mind is not in the real world.

    16 such a person can be brought back to earth. Sharp words from teacher can usually 17 a daydreaming student down-to-earth.

    Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very 18 to have both feet on the ground.  19 we have both our feet on-the-ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly 20 others. Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.

    1. A. pick　　　　　　     B. choose　　　　　　    C. find　　　　　　　　  D. receive

    2. A. accepts      B. recognizes　　　　   C. thinks　　　　　　   D. acts

    3. A. same　　     B. kind　　　　　　　　    C. example　　　　    D. opposite

    4. A. companies B. society　　　　   C. the world　　　　  D. the government

    5. A. come　　     B. appear　　　　　　　　 C. enter　　　　　　　　 D. go

    6. A. some　　     B. others　　　　　　　　 C. ones　　　　　　　　 D. fellows

    7. A. often　　     B. rarely　　　　　　　　  C. yet　　　　　　　　    D. still

    8. A. some　　     B. a　　　　　　　　　　    C. no　　　　　　　　    D. every

    9. A. discover    B. find　　　　　　　　    C. conclude　　　　   D. use

    10. A. at　　　　    B. of　　　　　　    C. with　　　　　　　　  D. from

    11. A. idea　　     B. understanding　　  C. opinion　　　　　　  D. feeling

    12. A. for　　　　　　     B. or　　　　　　    C. but　　　　　　　　   D. and

    13. A. that　　
?

     B. what　　　　　　　　   C. such　　　　　　　　 D. which

    14. A. idea　　     B. creature　　　　　　  C. attitude　　　　　　  D. person

    15. A. dreamer   B. stranger　　　　　　  C. flyer　　　　　　　　 D. settler

    16. A. However  B. Therefore　　　　    C. Moreover　　　　  D. Sometimes

    17. A. teach       B. bring　　　　　　　　   C. lead　　　　　　　　  D. take

    18 A. fit　　　　     B. sure　　　　　　　　    C. likely　　　　　　　　 D. able

    19. A. When      B. Since　　　　　　　　  C. Though　　　　　　 D. Unless

20. A. toward     B. with　　　　　　　　    C. over　　　　　　　　  D. onto

 

It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions sometime before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate(准确的) as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to trace(探索) the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of(表示) delight, suffering and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their sound collection. This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(深思熟虑的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

1. By “…challenges explanation” the author means that______.

A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon

B. no explanation has been made up to now

C. it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation

D. it’s high time that an explanation was provided

2. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children______.

A. usually obey without asking questions

B. are passive in the process of learning to speak

C. are born cooperative

D. learn to speak by listening

3. The third paragraph is mainly about______.

A. the development of babies’ early forms of language

B. the difficulties of babies in learning to speak

C. babies’ strong desire to communicate

D. babies’ intention to communicate

4. From the passage we learn that______.

A. early starters can learn to speak within only six months

B. children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises

C. imitation plays an important role in learning to speak

D. children have various difficulties in learning to speak

5. The best title for this passage would be______.

A. How Babies Learn to Speak

B. Early Forms of Language

C. A Huge Task for Children

D. Noise Making and Language Learning

 

It is, everyone agrees, a huge task that the child performs when he learns to speak, and the fact that he does so in so short a period of time challenges explanation.

Language learning begins with listening. Individual children vary greatly in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and late starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions sometime before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate(准确的) as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.

Any attempt to trace(探索) the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of(表示) delight, suffering and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their sound collection. This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(深思熟虑的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

1. By “…challenges explanation” the author means that______.

A. no explanation is necessary for such an obvious phenomenon

B. no explanation has been made up to now

C. it’s no easy job to provide an adequate explanation

D. it’s high time that an explanation was provided

2. The author’s purpose in writing the second paragraph is to show that children______.

A. usually obey without asking questions

B. are passive in the process of learning to speak

C. are born cooperative

D. learn to speak by listening

3. The third paragraph is mainly about______.

A. the development of babies’ early forms of language

B. the difficulties of babies in learning to speak

C. babies’ strong desire to communicate

D. babies’ intention to communicate

4. From the passage we learn that______.

A. early starters can learn to speak within only six months

B. children show a strong desire to communicate by making noises

C. imitation plays an important role in learning to speak

D. children have various difficulties in learning to speak

5. The best title for this passage would be______.

A. How Babies Learn to Speak

B. Early Forms of Language

C. A Huge Task for Children

D. Noise Making and Language Learning