题目列表(包括答案和解析)
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.
London
London’s flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.
There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 hospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.
Paris
Over a six week period in July and August 2003, more than 1 1,400—mainly elderly people—died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放).
In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower,” which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.
Shanghai
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.
An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily on coal—fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.
1.What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property
B．Where to build its flood defences
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city
D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences
2.Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes
C．Forbidding the city to build“Flower Tower”
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings
3.The major threats to Shanghai are ．
A．increasing population and coal-fired power stations
B．rising sea levels and typhoons
C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels
D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons
4.The purpose of the passage is ．
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
5.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters
B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters
D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years，and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future．Some of the world’s leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves．
London’s flood defenses are getting older．Since 1 982，the Thames Barrier(水闸)has protected the city from the threat of flooding，but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years．About 26 years later the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions，by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed．
There are 26 underground stations，400 schools，1 6 hospitals，an airport and 80 billion worth of property in London’s flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous．
Over a six week period in July and August 2003，more than 1 1,400---mainly elderly people―died in France from dehydration(脱水)and extremely high body temperature in a deadly heat wave．Heat waves of similar intensity(强度)are expected every seven years by 2050，so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?
One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes．But this is considered a short-term solution，as the increase in demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions(排放)．
In
such as the building“Flower Tower,”which uses a covering．of bamboo to act as a natural
air-conditioner．
Shanghai is the fastest growing city on Earth．It has a population of 1 8 million and is only 4 meters above sea level．Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century．
An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption．China relies heavily on coal―fired power stations，but these emissions increase temperatures and，in turn，warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons．
56．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Big Cities Facing Big Disasters B．Big Disasters in the Future
C．The Increase of Natural Disasters D．Solutions to Natural Disasters
57．What problem should be settled now in London?
A．How to protect the city’s property．
B．Where to build its flood defences．
C．How to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city．
D．How to improve the function of the old flood defences．
58．Which of the following measures can’t solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?
A．Putting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo．
B．Having air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes．
C．Forbidding the city to build“Flower Tower”
D．Encouraging architects to design new types of buildings．
59．The major threats to Shanghai are ．
A．increasing population and coal-fired power stations
B．rising sea levels and typhoons
C．extremely high temperature and rising sea levels
D．extra demands on energy consumption and typhoons
60．The purpose of the passage is ．
A．to tell us how to protect the big cities
B．to give advice on how to defend natural disasters
C．to explain what causes flood and heat waves
D．to warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big cities
Gaochun County, a picturesque county in east China's Jiangsu Province, was expected to be named the first "slow city" in China in November this year.
The arrival of Pier Giorgio Oliveti, chairman of the World Slow City Union, raised the idea of a slow
city, which has become popular all over the world. In Shanghai, Oliveti said that the slow city movement
was founded in his hometown of Italy in October of 1999. "Italy is the birthplace of slow food, which
emphasizes nutrition, flavor and taste," he said.
Oliveti said the idea of a slow city has also expanded constantly during its development, which has led
to some special requirements today. For instance, the slow city always emphasizes a small town and its
residents, keeps a unique identity, characteristics and keeps the natural state of the town. It adopts
technology without losing traditional customs and offers to provide a clean environment, a fair deal and
healthy food for all. In addition, the slow city has to be eco-friendly with a population of no more than
50,000, and it must be deeply devoted to protecting and keeping the purity of the natural environment as
well as greatly promoting and carrying out sustainable (可持续的) development technologies.
The ecological tour of Gaochun County includes an area of about 49 square kilometers with around
20,000 residents. It has a lot of tea, bamboo fruits, herbs (草本植物) and other green food ecological
bases as well as rich folk culture resources.
There are now 135 slow cities in 24 countries across the world that have been named since the
founding of the organization in 1999.
When you go shopping，you are given at least one plastic bag to carry what you’ve bought.They are so common that we don’t often give them a second thought.But the beginning of the end may have come for the plastic bag.
A small town in Tasmania，an island off the south coast of mainland Australia，is making itself an environmental role model (模范) by becoming the country’s first plasticbagfree town.
Since April 28，Coles Bay’s population of 175 and its tourist shoppers have been using reusable paper or cloth bags to carry their shopping.
Coles Bay sits on the edge of the beautiful Freycinet national park.Around 180,000 tourists pass through the town and the park every year.
Ben Kearney，a local businessman who supports the bag ban，said it would cut the amount of waste and prevent damage to native wildlife who try to eat the plastic.
“Most of the business here comes from the tourism and that’s all based on the environment，so people were pretty supportive.”he said.
Every year Australians use more than 6 million plastic bags.More than half of these come from supermarkets.Since_it_takes_years_for_the_bags_to_biodegrade_(生物分解)，tens_of_millions_end_up_polluting_the_environment.They kill about 100,000 seabirds and animals，which mistake the bags for food，every year.
Only in the past few months have major Australian supermarkets begun cutting down on their use of plastic bags.Environmental groups are pushing for a plastic bag fee (费) like that in Ireland.There，since plastic bags cost 10 pence (about 1 yuan) each，their use has been cut by 90 percent.
Pollution caused by plastic bags is a big headache for countries all over the world.As early as 1999，Beijing said that only plastic bags of certain thickness could be used.This was to encourage them to be used again and again.In China’s capital alone，an average of 6 million plastic bags are used every single day.
36．What’s meant by“the beginning of the end may have come for the plastic bag”in the first paragraph?
A．It’s possible for the war against plastic bag use to have been started.
B．It’s likely that plastic bag use has been stopped.
C．It won’t be long before an end is put to plastic bag use.
D．Once started，plastic bag use will never end.
37．We can know from the passage that Coles Bay________.
A．is a small coastal city
B. is a place where you can see far more visitors than natives
C. was the first to offer plastic bags to shoppers free of charge
D．is a place where reusable plastic bags are used
38．According to Ben Kearney，the natives welcome the change in bag use because they________.
A．need to make money
B．are short of energy supply
C．don’t want to waste money
D．want to do something good for mankind
39．Judging from the underlined sentence in the Paragraph 7，“end up doing sth.” means“________”．
A．stop doing sth. B．begin doing sth.
C．do sth.as a result D．disappear while doing sth.
40．Which country or area is more polluted by plastic bags than the others?
A．Ireland. B．Mainland Australia.
C．Coles Bay. D．Beijing.
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