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　　What are the basic elements of good manners?Certainly a strong sense of justice is one; courtesy is often 　　1　　 more than a highly developed sense of fair play．A friend of mine once told me of 　　2　　 along o one-lane(单行道)，unpaved mountain road．　　3　　 was another car that produced clouds of choking 　　4　　, and it was a long way!to the nearest 　　5　　 highway．Suddenly, at a 　　6　　 place, the car ahead pulled off the road．　　7　　 that its owner might have engine trouble, my friend stopped and asked if anything was wrong．“　　8　　,”said the other driver．“But you’ ve endured my dust this far; I’ll 　　9　　 with yours the rest of the way．”

　　Another element of courtesy is empathy(善解人意)，a 　　10　　 that enables a person to see into the mind or heart of someone else, to understand the pain or 　　11　　 there and to do something to minimize it．A man 　　12　　 alone in a restaurant was trying to unscrew(旋松)the cap of a beer bottle, 　　13　　 he couldn’t do it because of badly injured 　　14　　．He asked a young busboy to help him．The boy took the bottle, turned his back 　　15　　 and loosened the cap without difficulty．Then he 　　16　　 it again．Turning back to the man, he 　　17　　 to make great efforts to open the bottle without success．　　18　　 he took it into the kitchen and returned shortly, saying that he had managed to loosen it－but only with a pair of pliers(钳子)．

　　Yet another component of politeness is the ability to treat all people 　　19　　, regardless of all status or importance．　　20　　 when you have doubts about some people, act as if they are worthy of your best manners．You may also be astonished to find out that they really are．

　　Courtesy is the key to a happier world．

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Student：Can I have a t________ with you, now, Mr．Smith?

Mr．Smith：S________, what is it?

Student：Well, I feel so lonely．How I w________ I had a good friend!

Could you give me some advice?

Mr．Smith：I see．Your problem is a common one a________ middle school students．First of all, believe in yourself．You just l________ self-confidence．

The first thing you must do is to smile at your classmates．Your smile will show that you are f________ to them．You may try talking with a student w________is as shy as yourself．You can ask a classmate about your studies, and you can also talk about the h________ that you’re having in common with him or her．If a classmate is in trouble in life or study, you should be ready to help．O________ you have more confidence, you can make as friends as you can．

Student：I’m feeling much b________ now．Thank you very much, Mr．Smith．

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阅读理解

　　Probably you have seen photographs of the Grand Canyon(峡谷)，the great valley in the desert country of Arizona．But you must go there yourself to feel its true size and beauty．The Grand Canyon is one of the greatest natural wonders of the world．

　　The Colorado River formed the Grand Canyon over millions of years．Slowly, the river cut down through hard rock．At the same time, the land was rising．Today, the canyon is one and a half kilometres deep and 445 kilometres long．The oldest rocks at the bottom of the canyon are more than 1 billion years old．The width varies from about 200 metres to 29 kilometres across．The rim(边缘)or top of the canyon is about 2,300 metres above sea level on the South Rim, and about 3,000 metres on the other side, the North Rim．As a result, there are different kinds of plants and animals on opposite sides of the canyon．The South Rim is dry desert country．The North Rim has tall forests．

　　The canyon looks different at different times of day, and in different seasons and weather．At sunrise and sunset the red, gold, brown, and orange colours of the rocks are especially clear and bright．In winter, the canyon is partly covered with snow．

　　The view from the South Rim of the Grand Canyon is the best, Most visitors come to the South Rim and stay in campgrounds or hotels．Every point along the canyon's edge offers a different view．

　　The North Rim of the Canyon is quieter．It takes all day to drive there from the South Rim because there is only one bridge across the Colorado River．On the way, you go through Navado Indian lands, and a colourful pink desert called“The Painted Desert”．

　　You can walk down into the Grand Canyon, or you can go down on the back of a mule(小型电动机车)．You can also take a boat trip down the Colorado River, and camp on the beaches at night．But whether you see the Grand Canyon from the top or the bottom, it will be an experience that you will never forget．

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