There is a lot of misunderstanding about studying. Most students have not been taught the principles behind really effective working. Imagine a graph showing the amount a person learns against the number of hours he works in a day. If he doesn’t do any work, he learns nothing (point 0). If he does an hour’s work he learns a certain amount (point 1). If he does two hours’ work he learns about twice as much (point 2). If he does more work he’ll learn still more (point 3). However, if he tries to do twenty-three and a half hours’ work in a day, he will be so tired that he’ll hardly remember anything: what he learns will be very little (point 4). If he did less work he’d learn more (point 5).

Now whatever the exact shape of the graph’s curve(曲线), made by joining these points, it must have a high point. Point “X” is the very maximum anyone can learn in the day. And this represents the optimum(最适度), the best, amount of work to do. It is the best possible compromise between adequate time at the books and fatigue(劳累). Fatigue is an absolutely real thing; one can’t escape it or ignore it. If you try to ignore it and press yourself to work past the optimum, you will only get on this downward slope and achieve less than the best – and then become very tired and lose your power of concentration.

The skill in being a student consists of getting one’s daily study as near the optimum point as possible. I cannot tell you what the optimum is. It differs with the type of work, it differs from person to person, and even in the same person it varies from week to week. You must try to find your own. Every day you study, bear this principle of the optimum in mind. When you feel yourself getting fatigued, if you find yourself reading the same paragraph over and over again and not taking it in, that’s a pretty good sign you’ve reached your highest point for the day and should stop. Most ordinary students find their optimum at five hours a day. Yours may be a little more or a little less – but if you get in five hours’ good work a day, you will be doing well.

Now, what are you doing with yourself when you aren’t working? Before examinations some students do nothing at all except sit in a chair and worry. Here is another misunderstanding. People often think that the mind works like the body; it does not. If one wanted to save one’s physical energy in order to cut the maximum amount of firewood, one would lie flat on a bed and rest when one wasn’t chopping. But the mind cannot rest. Even in sleep you dream, even if you forget your dreams. The mind is always turning. It gets its relaxation only by variety. That is what makes the mind rest.

When you’ve finished your optimum number of hours you must stop. You must not then sit around in the chair thinking about the work – that only tires without any learning. You must get out and do something. It doesn’t matter what – anything so long as you are actively doing something else but work.

1.According to the passage, _______.

A．the longer you study every day, the more you will learn

B．you’ll achieve better learning results if you work three hours every day

C．the less work you do, the better you will learn

D．your work efficiency will decrease once you exceed a certain point of work

2.Fatigue can result in ________.

A．loss of memory	B．a need for relaxation
C．a lot of anxiety	D．loss of concentration

3.The passage tells us that a person’s optimum number of working hours _______.

A．follows a regular pattern with each individual

B．changes regularly from week to week

C．can be partly determined by the sort of work he is doing

D．should be determined before he gets too tired

4.The only way the mind can relax is by ________.

A．doing a variety of things in turn

B．not thinking about anything

C．turning continuously

D．getting oneself in a state of fatigue

5.After you have reached the optimum point of study in a day, you should ________.

A．lie in bed and rest

B．do something else actively

C．do some physical labor

D．stop thinking about your studies

 

What if we could replace oil with a fuel which produced no pollution and which everybody had equal access to?The good news is that we can, In fact, we are swimming in it—literally.

Hydrogen is one of the building blocks of the universe ,Our own sun is basically ,a big ,dense cloud of the stuff ,And hydrogen can be used to create electricity for power ,heat and light.

The problem is that hydrogen is everywhere and nowhere at the same time , It does not exist as a material on its own ,but is always part of something else, So it has to be separated before it can be used.

Most commercial hydrogen in use now is created from natural gas , As oil will start to run out in around the year 2030.,it makes sense to produce as much hydrogen as possible as soon as we can ,But natural gas supplies will also begin to run out soon after, Another source is needed.

Researchers are now using electricity to make water into hydrogen ,Companies are working on the problem in their own areas ,The first commercial hydrogen ,”fuel cells”for computers and mobile phones have already come on to the market ,Auto companies have also invested over US ＄2billion in the production of hydrogen fuelled cars

Thd nations of a hydrogen fuelled planet would not fight over evergy recourses, There would be a great reduction in pollution ,The only by-product of creating hydrogen is pure drinking water—something that is very scarce in many parts of the world ,But that is not where the good news ends, Once the costs of producing hydrogen have been brought down ,it will possibly provide power for a third of the Earth ‘s population that has no electricity.

And electricity creates wealth, In South A frica over the last decade there has been a large programme of electrification, Thanks to the programme, people do not have to spend their days looking firewood to burn for heat, And with electric light , they can work long into the night.

Some scientists see radical changes in the way the human race co-operates, Hydrogen creates clectricity, and is also created by it. With dual use fuel cells, everyone who consumes energy could also produce it ,Late at night, a man drives home in London and connects his car into the “world-wide hydrogen web”, which it supplies with electricity ,A few hours later, a man in Beijing uses that electricity to power the hydrogen cell in his car, Hydrogen could be the first democratic energy source.

Like all dreams of the future, it seems very far away, But the threat of war and terrorism in the Middle East has made governments and businesses more aware of the need to edn oil dependency and spend more time and money on hydrogen resource, So maybe the threat of war is not a completely bad thing for the future of the human race.

1.What does the underlined word “it”in the last but one paragraph refer to?

A、wealth                  B、hydrogen             C、electricity             D、fuel

2.What is the problem with using hydrogen as energy?

A、It has by-products

B、It has to be separated from other materials

C、It will make energy too cheap

D、It is too far away from us

3.Why does the author give the example in the last but one paragraph?

A、To tell us that we produce energy while using hydrogen power

B、To tell us that hydrogen power does not produce pollution

C、To show hydrogen power can stop war

D、To show hydrogen power is cheap

4.What is the author’s attitude about the future?

A、skeptical               B、negative               C、indifferent           D、positive

5.What is the passage mainly about?

A、war and energy 

B、the future of hydrogen as an energy resource

C、the disadvantages of oil

D、How to end war

 

As the saying goes, practice makes perfect, ______is only by using English as often as possible can you learn English well.

  A. which    B. as     C. that     D. this

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them.  71  But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.

The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program.  72  That will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car in the future will drive itself.  73  Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.

According to Dr. David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.

Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices(装置) to regulate(调节) the distance between one car and another.  74  computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.

   By 2010, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen.  75  Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount.”says Davis. “but all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount,  and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”

A.      The team there believes that by 2030 all cars will be computerized.

B.      They believe that cars will become more important in 20 years.

C.      And it will not be owned by one individual.

D.      And by 2030, cars will travel in line, linked to each other electronically.

E.       So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe.

F.       Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns.

G.      The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front.

 

In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers, which are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.

The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2030 all cars will be computerized, which will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21^st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.

According to Dr. David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.

Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. The car will automatically (自动的) speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.

By 2020. Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. And by 2030, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected to the car in front, just like a train. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount of fuel.” says Davis. ‘‘But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”

We know from the passage that governments and car manufacturers_______.

A. are devoted to the technological revolution in car industry

B. consider the predictions seriously

C. do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2030

D. have put the super-intelligent car into mass production

Which of the following will be the characteristic of the cars of 2030?

A. The car will speed up out of control.

B. We will own as many cars as we want.

C. Cars will produce more pollution than present ones.

D. All cars will be driven by computers.

The expression closest in meaning to the phrase “in convoy” in the last paragraph is________.

A. sidelong         B. in line    

C. side by side         D. shoulder to shoulder

What will happen if cars are joined to each other electronically in 2020?

A. There will be less pollution caused by car.

B. Motorists will get a clear view of the road.

C. The weather condition will not have effect On motorists.

D. All trains will burn less fuel than present.