There are about 22 million non-European Americans, mainly Black Americans, Red Indians, Latin Americans and other peoples．

　　The Red Indians number about 600,000．They are the natives of America．They look somewhat like Tibetans．They are not red, but brown．They were called Indians by mistake．When Columbus landed in the New World in 1492, he thought he had landed in India and called the people Indians．

　　The Black people had a sad history．Nearly all of them are descendants(后裔)of Africans brought from Africa to America sold as slaves in the 17th and 18th centuries．Today, they are about 21 million in number or 11 percent of total American population．Most of them lived in the South till the 1930s and since then more and more were leaving the South to look for work in the industrial North．Today, 60 percent of Black Americans live in New York, Chicago and other big cities．

　　Mexicans who belong to Latin Americans are the 2nd biggest minority nationality．Most of them are immigrant(移民)farm workers．The Puerto Ricans, from the island of Puerto Rica off the coast of Florida, live mostly in the slums(贫民窟)of big cities like New York and Chicago．These two peoples like the Afro-Americans mostly live below the poverty line．

　　There are Chinese people living in America, too－almost a quarter of million(the exact figure is 236,000)．Many of them went to America about 100 years ago to build the railways there．They suffered a great deal．Today, most Chinese Americans live in California(a state facing the Pacific Ocean)and New York, and also in Hawaii, and archipelago(群岛)in the mid-Pacific, which is counted as the 50th state of the U．S．A．

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阅读理解：

　　The Red Cross is an international organization which cares for people who are in need of help．A man in a Paris hospital who needs blood, a woman in Mexico who was injured in an earthquake, and a family in India that lost their home in a storm may all be aided by the Red Cross．

　　The Red Cross exists in almost every country around the globe．The world Red Cross organizations are sometimes called the Red Crescent, the Red Mogen Daid, the Sun, and the Red Lion．All of these agencies share a common goal of trying to help people in need．

　　The idea of forming an organization to help the sick and wounded during a war started with Jean Henri Dunant．In 1859, he observed how people were suffering on a battlefield in Italy．He wanted to help all the wounded people regardless of which side they were fighting for．The most important result of his work was an international treaty called the Geneva Convention(协定)．It protects prisoners of war, the sick and wounded, and other citizens during a war．

　　The American Red Cross was set up by Clara Barton in 1881．Today the Red Cross in the United States provides a number of services for the public, such as helping people in need, teaching first aid and providing blood．

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