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Experts are finding your standard first aid response may be the worst thing you can do in an emergency. Here’s how to update your first aid kit.

CUTS AND SCRAPES 

When the skin isn’t broken, it’s hard to beat iodine (碘酒) for killing bacteria,       doctors use it to clean before surgery. But when there’s a cut, full – strength iodine and rubbing alcohol can be harmful to skin cells, preventing healing. Putting iodine on cuts and wounds kills bacteria, but it won’t clean the wound. The most effective way is washing the wound with water.

BURNS

If you spread some butter on the burn to ease the pain, it isn’t a good idea. Butter was thought to cool the burn, but it can cause infection and create and environment for bacterial growth. Run the burn under cool water immediately to help remove the heat and put an end to the damaging process. Wrap the burn with a bandage, and keep it clean and dry. If blisters (水泡) form, don’t break them.

POISONING 

When a child swallows anything poisonous, parents probably think they’re well prepared if ipecac (催吐剂) is on hand. Wrong. Ipecac was thought to be a good way to treat a child who had swallowed a poisonous substance, but not any more because it doesn’t always remove the toxic substance. That may cause dehydration (脱水) and prevent doctors from giving other treatments.

EXCESS BLEEDING

Everyone learns how to stop bleeding with a tourniquet (止血带). But studies show this method causes more harm than good. Tourniquets can increase the risk of tissue damage or even the loss of a limb. Apply direct pressure to the wound. Simply place a clean cloth on the wound and press firmly; don’t remove the cloth, event if it gets black. If necessary, add more cloths. If that’s not enough, you can further slow the blood flow by applying pressure to the main artery (动脉) of the upper arm or leg.

1．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

However, by studying we know this method does more harm instead of doing more good.

3．Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.

(Please answer within 5 words.)

4．What should we do in order to give useful first aids? (Please answer within 30 words.)

5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

If a city wishes to  host the Olympics, it must submit a proposal(提交提案) to the IOC. After all proposals have been submitted, the IOC votes. If no city with the fewest votes is eliminated, the voting continues, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, allowing the winning city time to prepare for the Games.
In selecting the site of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, and chiefly among them is which organizing committee seems most likely to stage the Games effectively. The IOC also considers which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. For instance, Tokyo, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Beijing, that of the 2008 Games, were chosen in part to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia. Because of growing importance television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into account the host city’s time zone. Whenever the Games take place in the USA or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay specially higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours.
Once the Games have been awarded, it is the duty of the local organizing committee----not the IOC or the NOC of the host city’s country to provide them with money. This is often done with a part of the Olympic television revenues(收入), and corporate sponsorships(社团赞助), tickets sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many cases there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved amounts of money by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially risky. When the financial gains from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts

1. 1.

   _______will be determined to host the Olympic Games by the IOC

   1. A.
      A city that submits a proposal
   2. B.
      A majority winner in voting
   3. C.
      A city that has perfect time zone
   4. D.
      One that hasn’t hosted the Games
2. 2.

   Which of  the following words can be used to replace the word “ selecting” in   paragraph 2?

   1. A.
      electing
   2. B.
      hoping
   3. C.
      choosing
   4. D.
      thinking
3. 3.

   If the Games take place in Canada, American television networks___

   1. A.
      can’t broadcast popular events live in the best viewing hours
   2. B.
      will be forbidden to broadcast live sporting events
   3. C.
      are willing to pay much higher amounts for television rights
   4. D.
      will not pay for the Canadian television networks
4. 4.

   According to the last paragraph, which following statement is true?

   1. A.
      The host city must be left with large debts
   2. B.
      The city may achieve a lot of money
   3. C.
      There is no financial risk in hosting the Olympic Games
   4. D.
      It is impossible that the host city couldn’t make money
5. 5.

   Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

   1. A.
      How to host Olympic Games
   2. B.
      Winner or loser
   3. C.
      Applying for host for Olympics
   4. D.
      The Olympic Games

Filling in company application forms can become a boring and repetitive task. Yet any carelessness on an applicant’s part can draw a negative reaction from readers. Each company or organization usually uses its own specially designed form that, although it generally asks for the same basic information, may vary in detail. Therefore the suggestions below apply mainly to the approach you should take rather than suggest what you should write.

*When visiting future employers, always carry your personal data record with you so that you can readily search for details such as dates, telephone numbers, and other useful information.

*Treat every application form as though it is the first one you are completing—write carefully and neatly.

*Use words that describe the responsibility and different aspects of each job you have held rather than list only the duties you performed.

*Particularly describe social activities that show your involvement in the community, or activities in which you held a teaching or coaching role.

*Pay particular attention of there is a section on the form that asks you to comment on how your education and past experience have especially prepared you for the position.

Think this through very carefully before you write so that what you say shows a natural progression from past experience to the job you are applying for. If you can , and if they fit naturally , add a few words to demonstrate （证明） how the position fits your overall career plan.

1．Although all application forms demand the same basic information,       .

A．different companies may have different requirements

B．different companies may take the same attitude towards them

C．application may be required to answer all the questions in detail

D．application may have to send in the forms by person

2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Your personal data record is more important than the interview itself.

B．You should put all your personal data record in the application form.

C．Your personal data record will be of much help to your interview.

D．You should write your personal data as clearly and neatly as possible.

3．When writing about the duties you have been engaged in, you should        .

A．put down the names of your colleagues   

B．describe the nature of the duties

C．relate them to other major duties     

D．describe what responsible positions you have held

4．Which of the following would be the best TITLE of the passage?

A．Importance of Application Forms            

B．How to Fill in an Application Form

C．Job and Its Application Form             

D．Nature of Application Forms