“Most experiences of absent-mindedness ,forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room , are caused by a simple lack of attention, ” says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded（编码） it deeply.”

　Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impression on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create troublesome situations. If you　put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your cupboard.  “Your memory itself isn’t failing you, ” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”  http://wx.jtyjy.com/

　Lack of interest can also lead to absent -mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, ” says Zelinski, “ may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.”Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory depends on just that.

　　“Visual cues（ 视觉提示 ）can help prevent absent--mindedness, ”says Schacter, “But be sure the cue is clear and available. ”If you want to remember to take a medicine with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine box and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

　　Another common experience of absent - mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time, ”says Zelinski. “The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.”

1.The writer of the passage thinks that encoding properly is very important because ________.

　　A. it enables us to recall something from our memory

　　B. it slows down the process of losing our memory

　　C. it helps us understand our memory system better

　　D. it helps us to get back to where we were

2.One possible reason why women have a little better memories than men is that________.

　　A. they rely more on the environment

　　B. they have a wider range of interests

　　C. they have an unusual power of focusing their attention

　　D. they are more interested in what’s happening around them

3.Why can a note in the pocket hardly serve as a reminder? ________.

　　A. It will easily get lost

　　B. It is out of your sight

　　C. It’s not clear enough for you to read

　　D. It might get mixed up with other things

4.From the last paragraph we can learn that________.

　　A. repetition might help improve our memory

　　B. memory depends to a certain extent on the environment

　　C. we’d better return to where we were if we forget things

　　D. we should think about something else while doing one thing

5.The passage is mainly about ________.

　　A. the memory system of persons

　　B. a way of encoding and recalling

　　C. the causes of absent-mindedness

　　D. the impression of the environment on memory

 

　　　　

Every student will 　　1　 (face) with the question when he passes the college entrance examinations: Should we choose a good major(专业) 　 2　 a good university first?

Some students prefer 　　 3　　 　(consider) majors first so that they can learn 　　　 4　 　 they are interested in. It will also make 　　5　 possible for them to take their favorite jobs in the future.

6　　 , those 　 7　 　think differently believe that the environment is important to one's development and that graduates from leading universities are often more likely to find a good job.

In my opinion, the best 　　8　 　(choose) is a good major at a good university. If we cannot obtain　　 9　 , the first thing to consider is a good major, because no matter 　 10　 we study, we can still achieve a lot in a certain field if we try our best.

Long long ago, there was a small village． This village had a 36 tradition． At the beginning of every year, any boy who had reached the age of majority （the state of legally being an adult） was given land and money to build a home． The boy had to 　37 his home before winter． If his home failed to endure the cold weather in winter, the villagers could not 38 him in any way．

One 　39 , Paul and Marc reached their majority． They 40　 their land and money and decided to search nearby villages for ideas on building their homes． In each village, they found the nicest 41 and talked to the owners． Each owner gladly offered 42 ．

After Marc saw several homes, he 43 the best ideas and went back to his own land． Paul, 44　 , continued collecting more ideas． Soon he had so many great ideas that he began to 45 some of them． But he always believed he could find even better ideas in the next village．

Marc began building his home． He had several false starts, 46 his home gradually rose from his land． By fall, Marc had finished his home． It wasn't perfect, but it was strong and he could 47 it later． Paul enjoyed all the beautiful homes and 　48　 with home owners． The first snow came and Paul, realizing he was running out of time, 49 back to his land． He built the best home he could in the time he had, but it was 　50　 ． The first winter storm destroyed his home and he froze to 51 ． The villagers mourned for him．

Marc 52 the winter． Each year, Marc searched for other good ideas he could use to make his own home look better． He became a leader in the village, 53 a family, and lived a happy, content life．

We all build and improve our own mental homes． It’s 　54 and fun for us to search for ideas from other mental home owners, but we only improve our own mental home if we actually 55　 the best ideas．

36．A． strange　　　　 B． hopeful　　 　　　 C． literary　　　　 D． cultural

37．A． find　　　　 　　 B． make　　　　　 C． complete　　　 D． buy

38．A． help　　　　　 B． encourage　　　 C． scold　　　　　 D． persuade

39．A． winter　　　　 　 B． summer　　　　 C． autumn　　　　 `D． spring

40．A． exchanged　　　　　　 B． received　　　　　　　 C． recognized　　　　　 D． advice

41．A． girls　　　　　　　　　　 B． jobs　　　　　　　　　　 C． houses　　　　　　　　 D． presents

42．A． rooms　　　　　　　　　 B． drinks　　　　　　　　　 C． attention　　　　　　　 D． advice

43．A． expected B． gathered　　　　　　　 C． created D． understood

44．A． similarly　　　　　　　 B． finally　　　　　　　　　 C． however　　　　　　　 D． furthermore

45．A． forget　　　　　　　　　 B． believe　　　　　　　　 C． replace　　　　　　　　 D． doubt

46．A． because　　　　　　　 B． although　　　　　　　 C． but　　　　　　　　　　　 D． so

47．A． repair　　　　　　　　　 B． rebuild　　　　　　　　 C． sell　　　　　　　　　　　 D． improve

48．A． conversations　　　 B． achievements　　　　 C． struggles D． arguments

49．A． drove　　　　　　　　　 B． rushed　　　　　　　　 C． flew　　　　　　　　　　 D． moved

50．A． weak　　　　　　　　　 B． funny　　　　　　　　　 C． small　　　　　　　　　 D． amazing

51．A． blindness　　　　　　　 B． death　　　　　　　　　 C． sadness　　　　　　　　 D． illness

52．A． experienced　　　　　 B． loved　　　　　　　　　 C． survived　　　　　　　 D． spent

53．A． brought　　　　　　　　 B． earned　　　　　　　　　 C． contacted　　　　　　 D． raised

54．A． slow　　　　　　　　　　 B． easy　　　　　　　　　　 C． dangerous　　　　　　 D． special

55．A． realize　　　　　　　　　 B． bring　　　　　　　　　　 C． collect　　　　　　　　 D． apply