fundamental a. 基本的.根本的.本质的 查看更多

 

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Some of you must have complained why there are so many English words that you have to  22 every day. However, do you know how many words the English language has exactly? Maybe ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or  23 one million!

Every 98 minutes, there is a new English word being  24 Last time when words were being 25  to the language at this rate was during the  26 of William Shakespeare. The  27 popularity of English has  28 the most fertile period of word creation. About 1.53 billion people speak English as a  29 , a second or a business language. The Global Language Monitor,   30 in the state of Texas in the US, has been recording English word creation since 2003. Now, there are almost one million English words.

Words that are predicted to be the one millionth   31  “defollow”, “defriend”, “noob”, and “greenwashing”. “Defollow” and “defriend” are Internet words,   32 what users do with a person they do not wish to   33 in touch with on the Internet. “Noob” is an offending name for someone new  34 a particular task or community. The word “greenwashing”  35 what companies do to appear  36 friendly. And “chiconomics” means a difficult time in fashion. Of course, there is a  37 that the one millionth word will be a sixth choice. The Global Language Monitor once  38 that the millionth English word would be “imminent” in 2006, but the organization has 39 that expected date  40 once. Other experts have  41 doubts about its methods because they don’t think that there is an agreement about how to classify a word.

22.   A.write       B.read        C.memorize       D.copy

23.   A.still      B.hence      C.nevertheless    D.even

24.   A.inspired      B.motivated      C.commented    D.created

25.   A.advocated     B.added         C.adopted       D.acquired

26.   A.years       B.days        C.months       D.hours

27.   A.appropriate     B.fundamental     C.widespread      D.elementary

28.   A.brought     B.led        C.found        D.taken

29.   A.primary      B.social      C.physical      D.typical

30.   A.lay       B.located      C.built         D.found

31.   A.conclude    B.consist          C.exclude      D.include

32.   A.saying       B.writing        C.describing      D.accounting

33.   A.lose      B.pay         C.have         D.stay

34.   A.on        B.of        C.to        D.with

35.   A.refers to    B.prefers to      C.comes to       D.sticks to

36.   A.continually     B.eventually      C.environmentally    D.constantly

37.   A.possibility      B.fact         C.result        D.bond

38.   A.published      B.declared       C.expected       D.claimed

39.   A.put up      B.put off     C.put down     D.put out

40.   A.other than     B.more than     C.rather than      D.less than

41.   A.consulted    B.instructed      C.associated      D.expressed

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________ to the trial, this small electronic device was only developed for military use.

A. Superior     B. Fundamental   C. Previous    D. Accessible

 

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The US makes a lot of excuses in an attempt to make war on Iran, however, its ________ purpose lies in the rich oil resources there.

A.regular  B.fundamental  C.temporary  D.common

 

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It's no secret that many children would be healthier and happier with adoptive parents than with the parents that nature dealt them. That's especially true of children who remain in abusive homes because the law blindly favors biological parents. It's also true of children who suffer for years in foster homes (收养孩子的家庭) because of parents who can't or won't care for them but refuse to give up custody (监护) rights.
Fourteen-year-old Kimberly Mays fits neither description, but her recent court victory could eventually help children who do. Kimberly has been the object of an angry custody baffle between the man who raised her and her biological parents, with whom she has never lived. A Florida judge ruled that the teenager can remain with the only father she's ever known and that her biological parents have "no legal claim" on her.
The ruling, though it may yet be reversed, sets aside the principle that biology is the primary determinant of parentage. That's an important development, one that's long overdue.
Shortly after birth in December 1978, Kimberly Mays and another infant were mistakenly switched and sent home with the wrong parents. Kimberly's biological parents, Ernest and Regina Twigg, received a child who died of a heart disease in 1988. Medical tests showed that the child wasn't the Twiggs' own daughter, but Kimt only was, thus sparking a custody battle with Robert Mays. In 1989, the two families agreed that Mr. Mays would maintain custody with the Twiggs getting visiting fights. Those rights were ended when Mr. Mays decided that Kimberly was being harmed.
The decision to leave Kimberly with Mr. Mays rendered her suit debated. But the judge made clear that Kimberly did have standing to sue ( 起诉) on her own behalf. Thus he made clear that she was more than just property to be handled as adults saw fit.
Certainly, the biological link between parent and child is fundamental. But biological parents aren't always preferable to adoptive ones, and biological parentage does not convey an absolute ownership that cancels all the rights of children.
36. What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge's ruling?
A. The biological link.                  B. The child's benefits.  
C. The traditional practice.            D. The parents' feelings.
37. We can learn from the Kimberly case that
A. children are more than just personal possessions of their parents
B. the biological link between parent and child should be emphasized
C. foster homes bring children more pain and suffering than care
D. biological parents shouldn't claim custody rights after their child is adopted
38. The Twiggs claimed custody rights to Kimberly because
A. they found her unhappy in Mr. Mays' custody     B. they regarded her as their property
C. they were her biological parents               D. they felt guilty about their past mistake
39. Kimberly had been given to Mr. Mays
A. by sheer accident          B. at his request       C. out of charity          D. for better care
40. The author's attitude towards the judge's ruling could be described as
A. doubtful             B. cautious         C. critical          D. supportive

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  A Chinese lawmaker from the booming eastern coastal province of Jiangsu has called the building of new countryside an issue of human rights in another sense.

  “The new countryside should be prosperous, civilized and harmonious, and enjoy a comprehensive development, ”Ding Dawei, a deputy to the 10th National People’s Congress(NPC), the Chinese legislature(立法机关)now in an annual full session in Beijing, said on Thursday.

  According to Ding, also mayor of Nantong City in Jiangsu, the building of new countryside involves many human rights issues, such as farmers’ right to subsistence and development, as well as their rights to exercise democracy in village management.

  “Just as the central government has stressed, farmers’ will must be fully respected in building new countryside.Local governments can only guide them to do the correct thing, and must not force them to do anything they don’t want to,” said Ding.

  It might be easier to enrich the villages and farmers than to “help them achieve progress in the spiritual and political areas, ”Ding noted.

  “I think the most important thing is to truly strengthen the democratic management of village affairs, which will offer a fundamental guarantee for farmers’ rights to education, culture, entertainment, medicare and basic social security, ”he said.

  China’s 900 million farmers have gained the right to directly elect or oust their village heads since 1988, which gives them a bigger say in running village affairs.However, intervention in village elections by governments at higher levels, corrupt village heads abusing power, and the lack of transparency in village management often undermines rural democracy and even spark off rural unrest.

(1)

The building of new countryside involves many human rights issues, such as ________.

[  ]

A.

equal rights

B.

say no to any policy of the government

C.

extreme autonomy

D.

the right to subsistence and development

(2)

According to Ding Dawei, the construction of socialist new countryside is ________.

[  ]

A.

to value human rights in a new sense

B.

the requirement of the International Human Right Organization

C.

to give farmers rights to manage the new countryside

D.

to enrich the farmers

(3)

According to the text, which is the following not correct to the socialist?

[  ]

A.

One that develops quickly on all aspects.

B.

One in which people get along well with each other.

C.

People can do anything they wish to.

D.

One that is very rich and successful.

(4)

It can be concluded that in building the new countryside ________.

[  ]

A.

governments should offer farmers everything they want

B.

governments should help farmers as far as possible

C.

farmers should listen to governments on everything

D.

farmers will have rights to do anything at their will

(5)

The underlined words in the last paragraph mean ________.

[  ]

A.

to vote for their village heads

B.

to sing high praise for their village heads

C.

to criticize their village heads

D.

to force their village heads to leave

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