The word “parkour’ comes from a French phrase roughly translated as “military obstacle course(军事障碍课程).” All first glance parkour looks like an extreme sport, and it certainly has many of the same qualities of an extreme sport , However, it is considered by many tracers as more of an art and exercise, which allows for individual expression and also promotes, inner strength and personal growth,

   It introduces us to complete freedom from obstacles, and it is this freedom that makes parkour very appealing in strict control of modern society It is method that’s available to us at any time to deal with the obstacles facing us, both metal and physical, No obstacle, no barrier can stop the tranceur,: they continue moving forward in spite of, and in harmony with these,

While parkour does allow for a great deal of originality , there are certain methods commonly used when practicing it, The traceur choose his/her own path through the environment to create unique and flowing movement, adapting to and using anything in his path When many techniques or removes used to overcome obstacles are linked together in an efficient and continuous way it is known as a “run”, If you see someone that looks like they’re running from the police, but there is no one running after it’s probably parkour,

This idea of the chase represents and expresses the movement of parkour quite well, In fact, it is the form of movement that our ancient ancestors may have used to hunt for food, or escape from animals on the plains of Africa, In adapting instantly to whatever comes forth without thinking about it, we naturally flow over and around all obstacles. In practicing parkour, we are reviving and developing that ancient instinct(本能)

The attitude behind parkour also combines the mentality of a child at play , That unlimited imagination and energy combined with a complete ignoring of social practices epitomizes(成为…的缩影)the traceur, Others look at a rail or wall and see a barrier; we look at it and see a launch pal. And her, let’s not forget that we do this because it’s fun! The world is our jungle gym, let’s go play!

64. The underlined word in paragraph 1means            

A parkour participants    B. fitness experts

C sports psychologists   D. extreme sports lovers

65. Paragraph 4 is written to          

A show the way to develop ancient instinct    B introduce the evolution of parkour

C distinguish parkour from ancient instinct    D explain the origin of parkour

66. What do we know about parkour according to the passage?

A It is an activity dating back to ancient times,’

B People need to go past anything in the way while doing it.

C It’s difficult to do without the aid of professional equipment

D People need military training before taking part in it,

67. People may show interest in parkour because           

A they can get freed from routine activities and tasks

B it helps them to do their job efficiently in future

C they can develop both physically and mentally

D it has its roots in their childhood experience

Parkour

      The word “parkour” comes from a French phrase roughly translated as “military obstacle course（军事障碍课程）.” At first glance parkour looks like an extreme sport, and it certainly has many of the same qualities of an extreme sport. However, it is considered by many tracers as more of an art and exercise, which allows for individual expression and also promotes inner strength and personal growth.

      It introduces us to complete freedom from obstacles, and it is this freedom that makes parkour very appealing in strict control of modern society. It is a method that’s available to us at any time to deal with the obstacles facing us, both mental and physical. No obstacle, no barrier can stop the tracer；they continue moving forward in spite of, and in harmony with these.

      While parkour does allow for a great deal of originality, there are certain methods commonly used when practicing it. The tracer chooses his／her own path through the environment to create unique and flowing movement, adapting to and using anything in this path. When many techniques or moves used to overcome obstacles are linked together in an efficient and continuous way, it is known as a “run.” If you see someone that looks like they’re running from the police, but there is no one running after, it’s probably parkour.

      This idea of the chase represents and expresses the movement of parkour quite well. In fact, it is the form of movement that our ancient ancestors may have used to hunt for food, or escape from animals on the plains of Africa. In adapting instantly to whatever comes forth without thinking about it, we naturally flow over and around all obstacles. In practicing parkour, we are reviving and developing that ancient instinct（本能）.

The attitude behind parkour also combines the mentality of a child at play. That unlimited imagination and energy combined with a complete ignoring of social practices epitomizes（成为…的缩影）the tracer. Others look at a rail or wall and see a barrier；we look at it and see a launch pad. And hey, let’s not forget that we do this because it’s fun! The world is our jungle gym, let’s go play！

1．The underlined word in paragraph 1 means

      A．parkour participants                             B．fitness experts

      C．sports psychologists                            D．extreme sports lovers

2．Paragraph 4 is written to          .

A．show the way to develop ancient instinct

B．introduce the evolution of parkour

C．distinguish parkour from ancient instinct

D．explain the origin of parkour

3．What do we know about parkour according to the passage?

      A．It is an activity dating back to ancient times.

      B．People need to go past anything in the way while doing it.

      C．It’s difficult to do without the aid of professional equipment.

      D．People need military training before taking part in it.

4．People may show interest in parkour because                .

    A．they can get freed from routine activities and tasks

    B．it helps them to do their job efficiently in future

    C．they can develop both physically and mentally

D．it has its roots in their childhood experience

　Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.

　　The first kind of loneliness is temporary（暂时的）. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.

　　The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（长期的）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.

Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.

　　Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.

1.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?

　　A. Talk to friends                                                B. Just ignore it

    C. Go to see a doctor                        D. Ask your teachers for guidance

2."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.

　　A. temporary loneliness                      　　                 B. situational loneliness

　　C. a new place　　                           D sleeplessness

3.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.

　　A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contacts

　　B. we depend on various person for different reasons

　　C. lonely people don't have many social problems

　　D. lonely people don't have many friends

4.Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?

　　A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems　　               B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness

　　C. Chronic loneliness can not be overcome　　                     D. A, B and C are all correct

5.What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Three Kinds of Loneliness                 B. Loneliness and Diseases

　　C. Loneliness and Social Contacts            D. Chronic Loneliness

Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.

     Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup(基因构成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.

    Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潜在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副产品)  of technological developments in the space.

While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

1.Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph 1?

    A. To express his doubts.                       B. To compare different ideas.

    C. To introduce points for discussion.          D. To describe the conditions on Earth.

2. What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph 2?

    A. Humans are nature-born to do so.

    B. Humans have the tendency to fight.

    C. Humans may find new sources of food.

    D. Humans don’t like to stay in the same place.

3.The underlined word “spin-offs” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.

    A. survival chances                     B. unexpected benefits

    C. potential resources                  D. physical possessions

4.What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?

    A. The adaptive ability of humans.                  B. Resources on the earth..

    C. Our genetic makeup.                      D. By-products in space exploration.

5.Which of the statements can best sum up the passage?

    A. Space exploration has created many wonders.

    B. Space exploration provided the best value for money.

C. Space exploration can benefit science and technology.

    D. Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

Too cold for recess?  School policies vary as much as temps

When is it too cold for schoolchildren to go outside for recess（课间休息）? The answer varies widely based on where a school is located and what the kids are used to.

Consider:  One northern Minnesota school says it has to be 15 below zero before kids are kept inside. But in areas along the East Coast, temperatures below 35 to 40 degrees could keep kids inside. Canceling recess because of the cold is no small issue considering that much of the USA is trembling through what may be its coldest winter in a generation, according to  AccuWeather.

There is no national temperature standard for when to keep kids inside during the winter months, the U.S. Department of Education says. Decisions are made at the local level, either by principals or school districts.

Consequently, policies are all over the map:

• In International Falls, Minn., the self-described "Icebox of the Nation," where the average high temperature in January is 13 degrees, Falls Elementary School Principal Jerry Hilfer says, "if it's 15 below (or warmer), they go out, no matter what." "At 20 below, it gets iffy," he adds.

• In Wicomico County, Md., principals typically keep children indoors when temperatures drop below freezing, or if it's raining or snowing, says Susan Jones, the school system's director of elementary education.

"That's the bottom line," says Curtis Twilley, principal of Pemberton Elementary School in Salisbury, Md. Twilley says students get little exercise when recess stays indoors. At Pemberton Elementary, the students will typically play board games or computer games in a classroom because the school's gym is occupied with other classes, he says.

• For schools in Marquette, Mich., which averages about 12 feet of snow per season, school officials acknowledge students are probably a little more prepared than those in some more mild climates.

1.Which of the following is not true according to the passage_________.

A. No national temperature standard is made for when to keep kids inside during the winter months.

B. Susan Jones insists students get little exercise when recess stays indoors.

C. In Wicomico County, children are kept indoors when temperatures dip below freezing.

D. Mich has about 12 feet of snow per season on average.

2. Which place calls itself Box of Ice?

Wicomico County  B. Marquette    C.Salisbury       D. Minn

3. Considering_______, canceling recess In USA because of the cold is a big issue.

A. different schools have different principles.

B. much of the USA has very cold winter.

C. physical activity can boost student performance.

D. decisions are made at the local level,

4. The underlined word iffy means _______.

A. uncertain        B. surprising  C.  serious     D. worse

5. What will be talked about next?

A. More school policies 

B. The reasons why school policies vary.

C. Measures to improve the situation.

D. Necessities to improve the situation