3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

　 A. Anyone　　　　 B. The person　　　　　　　 C. Whoever　　　　　 D. Who

2. They have no idea at all ____________.

　A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone　　　 D. where he has gone

1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people.

　 A. That　　　　　　 B. What　　　　　　　 C. Which　　　　　　　　　　 D. This

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。

(1)that的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.

The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；(B)当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；(C)当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine

　 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … (D)It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that I went out last night.

It is said that China will win in the World Cup.

④that和what的区别。

that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：

It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.

⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)

The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句)

选择填空

3. The picture _________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(2000年春季高考)

A.having hung　　　　 B.hanging　　　 C.hangs　　　 D.being hung

解析：答案为B。本题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的”，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。

2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _______ them.(2001年春季高考)

A.correct　　　　　　 B.correcting　　　 C.corrects　　 D.to correct

解析：答案为B。本题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过……，凭……”，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. –ing ”结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。本题中只有correcting符合。

1. __________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET　 2001)

A.Having suffered　　 B.Suffering　　 C.To suffer　　 D.Suffered

解析：答案为A。本题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用完成时。

5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题

过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，有来说明原因、时间、条件等。

(1)过去分词作原因状语

Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.

= Because he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.

Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.

=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.

(2)作时间状语

Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.

=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.

(3)作条件状语

Given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.

(4)伴随状语

The teacher came in, followed by some students.

=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.

分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：

Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.

ñ二、精典名题导解

选择填空

4、分词复习应注意的几个问题

(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语(分词作状语前面可加when, while等)

Hearing the good news, he jumped with greatjoy.

Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.

②原因状语

Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note

③伴随状语

The girls came in, following their parents.

④结果状语

The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.

注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动进行，被动完成”。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

(2)分词作表语。

S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补不定式作宾补的区别：

　　　 感官动词　　　　　 动词原形→做了某事

S．+　　　　　 + 宾语 + 现在分词→正在做某事

　　　 使役动词 　　　　　过去分词→做了或被做

3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题

(1)动名词作宾语。

①下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, eacape, permit。

②下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。

③介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival…。

④动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：

begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, can’t stand

remember, forget, regret, try

want, require, need